Essays --

Recently, one little girl managed to light up national news and melt the heart of the public. A video of a kindergarten Christmas program has gone viral due to 5 year old Claire Koch of Clearwater, Florida. Instead of just singing along with the other kids, Claire did something else she as well as foreshortened the entire program in American Sign Language so her parents, who are deaf, could enjoy the program as well. Claire is a finish, or pip-squeak of deaf adult. Her parents shoot used ASL in the home since before she was born, and the little girl can now sign fluently. (Jernigan) As we learned in class, CODA is a term used in the hearing community in the Deaf community, they are more likely to be referred to as Mother start out Deaf.90% of deaf parents have hearing children (Moore & Levitan). A large percentage of CODAs have both deaf parents, because approximately 90% of Deaf people bond another Deaf person. (Filer, and Filer) When a hearing child is born to deaf parents , they are considered to be part of both hearing culture and deaf culture. They as well as are viewed as bilingual usually (if the deaf parents indeed use sign language). However, there are times where Deaf parents will not sign with their child. The reasons vary some do it so they will not rely on their child later in life to be an interpreter for them, others whitethorn actually view sign language negatively. (Singleton & Tittle)Deaf parents raising hearing children can sometimes be thought of as them raising foreign children. The idea behind this is the fact that just because they were born to Deaf parents does not mean they will automatically inherit the Deaf culture. The children will grow up to love that, technically speaking, they would be share more with the hearing world. T... ...unity. (Preston) To those who were not previously fully immersed to a large degree in the hearing community, it can be a real shock.Being a child of Deaf adults is by no means easy. From the short time I spent talking to Jeremy blanket in October, I can tell that there is some definite frustrations sometimes. The idea that young children are sometimes the one link that Deaf parents have to the hearing world can be challenging to grasp. I myself probably would have gone along with having a child interpret for me if a event warranted. Now that I have looked into the life of CODAs and know enough American Sign Language to have basic conversations, hopefully it will never make love to that. I think if there was a little more effort by both the hearing community and Deaf community to come to a better understanding of the other, there might be less strain on these children.

Metallica :: essays research papers

MetallicaIntroductionMetallica was a deal that that started out in the garage of one of themembers when they were in high school. The bar went through and through many changes andtragedies and found solutions for them and somehow remained playing. Theystarted in 1980 as one of the start, if not the first Black/Metal band. Theirpopularity decreased in 1987 and form at that place they went on to become reallypopular later on.Summary     Metallica started playing in 1980 and are still a band to this day.They have gone through many changes over the years. The original members of theband were James Hetfeild, Lars Ulrich, Dave McGovney, and Dave Mustain.Hetfeild was the rhythm guitarist and singer. Lars is a very great drummer.McGovney was the original bass player. And Dave Mustain was the original leadguitarist. Lars first began playing at the age of 13 when his grandm separatebrought him home a cheap set of drums which he pounded in. He was inspiried andbegan to like music after his suffer took him to a Deep Purple concert. Hisfamily migrated from Denmark to Newport Beach, California in 1980 to find thesunny climate to play tennis. After that he met the band as friends and thenbegan to play.Hetfeild went to Downey vitamin E Middle School where he started playing in theauditorium on the stage with friends. Three years later his mother died ofcancer. There was a song indite in memory of her memory titled "The God thatFailed." Then he moved to L.A. where he met the band. Lars knew Kirk but healready had enough guitars in the band. finally Dave Mustain was kicked outof the band because he disagreed with everyone. McGovney followed with him.Kirk was already playing with a band called Exodus but quit to join Metallica.And the band acquired bassist Cliff Burton to join.Cliff was in the group when they made their oldest album called Kill emAll. But died in a bus accident on tour. The band was shook up and didnt playin concert for years. Not only did the death of Cliff startle them, but theyalso had to acquire a new bass player. Jason Newstead was chosen of many otherpeople who tried out for the band. Those people included Les Claypool of theband Primus. Newstead grew up in Niles, Michigan where he and his family raisedhorses. They moved to Kalamazoo then to L.A. Jason Newstead came from a bandnamed Flotsam and Jetsam named after a chapter in J.R.R.

Galactosemia Essay -- Genetics Disorders Essays

Galactosemia missing works cited Galactosemia is a potentially fatal genetic defect that prevents the body from metabolizing draw. It is fatal because an infants early pabulum consists mostly of milk. The disease does not usually hinder the development of featherbedren in North America or Europe it is a not-uncommon cause of death, however, in third-world nations, where lactose-free milk is not readily available.So, what impacts people afflicted with galactosemia more, the fact that they have the disease, or the question of whether or not it can be treated? A child who is not lactose intolerant would not die from shock, whether or not treatment was available, and so nature determined the fate of the child. A child with galactosemia would all survive where treatment was available, so the environment determined the childs fate.The notion of nature versus nurture is one of the most debated topics of modern sociology, and is very apparent in the theories presented by Laura Mulvey a nd Mimi White. They contend that mass media perpetuates sexism because media is ubiquitous, and the environment impacts human development. There is another side to this that our environment does not completely define us. Just like a lactose-intolerant baby that would die in the absence of an environment that treated the natural disease, the media helps shape who we are, but does not completely define us.Mulvey says matter-of-factly the fascination of film is reinforced by pre-existing patterns of fascination already at work within the individual subject and the social formations that have moulded him (Mulvey 519). She goes on to say that those pre-existing patterns boil heap to the phallocentric order that is present in society. The fasci... ... responded to the situation because it was brought to them by mass media. People did not watch the Simpson trial because Simpson murdered two people, people watched the trial because it was simulcast to both home, twenty-four by seven, for almost a year. Just like in that respect is middle show in the nature versus nurture argument, there is middle ground between Mulvey and Whites positions and Gramsci, Foucault and Butler. We should keep in mind that the goal of television stations, production studios, newspapers and books is to make money, and not to uphold the legacy of Edward R. Murrow. Unfortunately, in a capitalist society, there is no pure media, only infotainment. This obstacle is going to occupy the minds of communication-theorists for as long as there are commercials on network television, ads in newspapers, and for as long as authors need to earn a living.

hannibal :: essays research papers

When Hannibal was nine he went with his father on the to conquer Spain. Before starting, the kid swore to hate Rome. In two years he conquered all Spain between the Tagus and Iberus rivers. The Romans branded this attack a violation of the existing treaty between Rome and Carthage and demanded that Carthage surrender Hannibal to them. On the refusal of the Carthaginians to do so, the Romans declared warfare on Carthage, so because of that they precipitated in the Second Punic War. The march on Rome began Hannibal left Spain with an army of about 40,000, including cavalry and a lot of elephants carrying luggage and later used in battle. He traversed the Alps in 15 days, beset by snowstorms, landslides, and the attacks of hostile mountain tribes. After recruiting additional men and invaded the Roman provinces. Then Rome sent to oppose Hannibal. Avoiding any decisive encounter with the Carthaginian troops, they nevertheless succeeded in keeping Hannibal at bay, and giving the Romans the opportunity to recuperate from their military reverses. Hannibal wintered at Gerontium, and therefore he took up a position at Cannae on the Aufidus River. There he almost completely annihilated a Roman army of more than 50,000 men. Carthaginian losses were about 6700 men. After the Battle of Cannae, the character of the war underwent a change. Hannibal needed reinforcements, which the Carthaginian government refused to give, and he also lacked weapons. He marched on Naples, but failed to take the city. The gates of Capua, one of the Italian cities that had fallen to Hannibal in consequence of his victory at Cannae, were opened to him. then Hannibal attempted to take Rome, but the Romans successfully maintained their fixed positions. The Romans then retook Capua. After four years of inconclusive fighting, Hannibal turned for aid to his brother Hasdrubal, who instantly marched from Spain. Hasdrubal, however, was surprised, defeated, and slain by the Roman consul Gaius Claudius Nero in the Battle of the Metauro River. After 15 years, and with Hannibals army getting smaller and smaller he was recalled to Africa to direct the falsifying of his country against a Roman invasion When he got there his raw troops fled, many deserting to the Romans, and his veterans were cut down.

Politics of Belize :: Essays on Politics

Politics of Belize The political system of Belize is fairly new. Belize gained its independence from Britain on September 21, 1981, and the Constitution of Belize was born(p) with this newly autonomous state. Since its independence, Belize has remained a commonwealth of the British Monarch and owes allegiance to the queen of England. Belizes government is modeled after the British Parliamentary system. Although the country of Belize has been self-directed from Britain since 1981, the Caribbean country maintains many of the British practices and procedures in its political, governmental and judicial systems. The Federal Parliamentary government of Belize is comprised of two unified branches of government the executive and the legislative branches. The rash Minister and the cabinet make up the executive branch. They are chosen from the majority party in the Lower House of the legislature. The prime quantity Minister is the top of the cabinet. A governor-general, appointed b y the United Kingdom monarch also possesses some appointing power in Parliament. The governor-general is an extension of the Royal Family, and his/her duties are rather seeming(prenominal) and more of a formality. According to Latin America Profiled, the UK appointed Governor-General of Belize is Sir Colville Young. Said Musa is the Prime Minister and Minister of Finance and Foreign Affairs of the Belizes Parliament. Those who Prime Minister Musa appointed to his cabinet include George Price, John Briceno, Ralph Fonseca, Jos Coye, Maxwell Samuels, Cordel Hyde, Richard Dickie Bradley, Marcial Mes, Garca Balderamose Oolores, Ruben Campos, Jorge Espat, Godfrey Smith, and B.Q. Pitts as the Speaker. This cabinet works on projects ranging from foreign affairs, healthcare, to cultured society agendas. These representatives are chosen because of their experience and their party identification. It is expected that these officials will produce results, which are conducive to the opinions of the constituents, as well as to the loyalty of their party. A bicameral National Assembly forms the legislative branch of Parliament. The two branches of this bicameral body are called the House of Representatives and the Senate. There are twenty-nine elected members in the House of Representatives and eight appointed members in the Senate. Administrators in the House of Representatives are elected by universal suffrage. Five of the officials of the Senate are appointed by the governor-general on the advice of the Prime Minister, two by the leader of the less powerful party and one by the Belize Advisory Council.

Politics of Belize :: Essays on Politics

Politics of Belize The political system of Belize is fairly new. Belize gained its independence from Britain on September 21, 1981, and the Constitution of Belize was born with this newly autonomous state. Since its independence, Belize has remained a commonwealth of the British Monarch and owes allegiance to the queen of England. Belizes government is modeled after the British Parliamentary system. Although the country of Belize has been independent from Britain since 1981, the Caribbean country maintains many of the British practices and procedures in its political, governmental and judicial systems. The Federal Parliamentary government of Belize is comprised of two unified branches of government the executive and the legislative branches. The Prime Minister and the cabinet give up the executive branch. They are chosen from the majority party in the Lower House of the legislature. The Prime Minister is the head of the cabinet. A governor-general, official by the United Ki ngdom monarch also possesses some appointing power in Parliament. The governor-general is an extension of the Royal Family, and his/her duties are rather superficial and more of a formality. match to Latin America Profiled, the UK positive Governor-General of Belize is Sir Colville Young. Said Musa is the Prime Minister and Minister of Finance and Foreign Affairs of the Belizes Parliament. Those who Prime Minister Musa appointed to his cabinet include George Price, John Briceno, Ralph Fonseca, Jos Coye, Maxwell Samuels, Cordel Hyde, Richard Dickie Bradley, Marcial Mes, Garca Balderamose Oolores, Ruben Campos, Jorge Espat, Godfrey Smith, and B.Q. Pitts as the Speaker. This cabinet works on projects ranging from foreign affairs, healthcare, to civil society agendas. These representatives are chosen because of their experience and their party identification. It is expected that these officials will produce results, which are conducive to the opinions of the constituents, as well as t o the loyalty of their party. A bicameral National aggregation forms the legislative branch of Parliament. The two branches of this bicameral body are called the House of Representatives and the Senate. There are twenty-nine elected members in the House of Representatives and eight appointed members in the Senate. Administrators in the House of Representatives are elected by universal suffrage. Five of the officials of the Senate are appointed by the governor-general on the advice of the Prime Minister, two by the leader of the less powerful party and one by the Belize Advisory Council.

Academia and Briefly Summarize

BAYLORIndicate any special experiences, unusual factors or other information you feel would be helpful in evaluating you, including, tho not limited to, education, employment, extracurricular activities, prevailing over adversity. You may expand upon but not repeat AMCAS application information. 2000 character limit.COLUMBIA1. Please describe your parents occupations (250 char.)2. If your outset and last name is often mispronounced, how do you pronounce it? (250 char.)3. Have you previously applied to P&S? (Yes/No)If yes, briefly summarize your activities since your previous application4. If you took measure off from your undergraduate studies, please briefly summarize your reasons for doing so. (250 words)5. In what collegiate extracurriculars did you engage? (250 words)6. Did you work for compensation during college during the year or the summer? YesNo If so, what did you do? How numerous hours a week did you work? (250 words)7. If you have graduated from college, please briefl y summarize what you have done in the interim. (300 words)8. What challenges do you expect to arise from active and working in a complex urban environment? How will you meet them? (250 words)9. Is there anything else you would like us to know? (300 words)DARTMOUTH1. Please indicate your plans for the 2012-13 schoolman year. If in school, please list your courses. If working, let us know something about the nature of your job.2. Please share with us something about yourself that is not addressed elsewhere in your application and which could be helpful to the Admissions Committee as we review your file.HARVARDD. If you have already graduated, briefly (4000 characters max) summarize your activities since graduation.E. If there is an important aspect of your private background or identity, not addressed elsewhere in the application, that you would like to share with the Committee, we invite you to do so here. Many applicants will not take aim to answer this question. Examples might include significant challenges in access to education, unusual socioeconomic factors, identification with a minority culture, religion, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation or gender identity. Briefly explain how such factors have influenced your motivation for a biography in medicine.(4000 character maximum)DUKEDescribe the community in which you were nurtured or spent the majority of your early development with respect to its demographics. What core values did you receive and how will these translate into the contributions that you hope to make to your community as a medical student and to your career in medicine?What is the most significant moral or ethical dilemma that you have faced in your life (excluding instances of academic dishonesty involving other person)? Describe how you dealt with and potentially resolved it, including beliefs, resources, individuals, etc. How did this dilemma and its resolution change your life and what, if any, impact will this have on your futur e as a health care provider?What has been your most humbling experience and how will that experience affect your interactions with your peers and patients?The curriculum at the duke university school of medicine is unique and academically challenging. Please describe how the duke curriculum is well-suited to your learning style and how it will serve your long term career objectives.There are 3 optional essay topics fine-looking Back To Your Community What is the value of giving back to your community? Is it a more important attribute of a physician than of others performing other roles within a community?How Are You Misunderstood What are people most likely to misunderstand about you and why?

New Technologies Essay

open relations is the management function which evaluates existence attitudes, identifies the policies and procedures of an individual or an organisation with the unrestricted interest, and plans and executes a computer programme of action to earn public understanding and acceptance. prevalent relations is the management function that identifies, establishes, and maintains commonly beneficial relationships between an organisation and the various publics on whom its victory or failure depends. Cutlip Scott et al. Effective Public Relations, Prentice Hall 2000Public Relations is intimately reputation the result of what you do, what you say and what others say about you. Public relations practice is the discipline which looks after reputation with the aim of earning understanding and support, and influencing opinion and behaviour. It is planned and sustained effort to establish and maintain goodwill and usual understanding between organisations and its publics. Harrison Shirle y, Public Relations An introduction, Thomson Learning 2000 Public relations practice is the planned and sustained effort to establish and maintain goodwill and mutual understanding between an organisation and its publics.Jenkins Frank, Public Relations Techniques, Butterworth Heinemann 2nd edition Public relations consists of all forms of planned communication, outwards and inwards, between an organisation and its publics for the part of achieving specific objectives concerning mutual understanding.Jenkins Frank, Public Relations, Pitman 5th edition Comparison of the characteristics of advertising and public relationsUse of media Purchase media space Normally relies on or clock gaining media c everyplaceage Degree of control over Relatively tight control Relatively little if any the message over the content and control over content and timing of the message timing of the message Message credibility Normally low credibility Normally relatively high credibility Types of range audi ence Relatively narrow target Often aimed at a audience usually market relatively broad range related of publics/audiences strain of the activity Relatively short-term Situation oriented Expected sequence horizons Market/sales oriented Both short and long term for supply and results objectives and impact. objectives and impact. Forms of evaluation Established measurement Relatively limited number Techniques for reporting of evaluation techniques and cost efficiency used, often confined tomeasures of media coverage Mode of payment for Agencies receive payment Agencies paid on the agency services in the form of commission basis of fees for from the media based on consultants time or by the space or time booked annual retainer for the client Black Sam, Public Relation modification workbook, HTL publications 1992 pg8 Comparison of propaganda and public relationsSender Varying degrees of source Clear identification of the Identification sender Purpose To build a movement or To achi eve fancy or a following develop dialogue Message One sided, varying degrees May moderate between of accuracy arguments accuracy important Media homogeneous media may be used in both cases Receiver Similar audiences may be targeted in both cases Black Sam, Public Relation revision workbook, HTL publications 1992 pg9 New Technologies atomic number 18 drastically changing the whole business of Public Relations Mobile retrieves, video recorders, DVD players PCs etc, engineering science that began as business-to-business has steadily authentic for use in the home, in the business market, technology is primarily a productivity tool, but in the home it is much more(prenominal) leisure or entertainment, competing for attention against TV or the cinema.Technology is the technical means good deal use to improve their surroundings. It is also knowledge of using tools and machines to do tasks efficiently. We use technology to control the conception in which we live. Technology is peo ple using knowledge, tools, and systems to plant their lives easier and better. People use technology to improve their ability to do work. Through technology, people communicate better. Technology allows them to make more and better products. Our buildings are better with the use of technology.We travel in more comfort and speed because of technology. Yes, technology is everyplace and can make life better.www. ask. com According to most of the members in the reference list, and the interview with Dan Pinch (consultant at PR agency Weber Shandwick), the biggest impact for the world of public relations in the last five years is most certainly the internet. It has overcome time-zone problems in communicating with clients in the United States as healthful as the Eastern European countries, and it has so much to offer in speed, quality and communication. Along with various interactive software packages (appendix (ii)) that make it easier for consultants to do their task efficiently a nd swifter than ahead.Understanding the unique properties of the internet *it provides a unique medium in which communities and groups can form, reform, transform and dissolve. *It is relatively inexpensive, * exploiters can be anonymous or have different online personality and act differently as a result, *it recognises no geographic boundaries, *once a message is out, the sender loses control, and * on that point are already many more internet than non-internet channels for communication. It is clear that the internet has and is continuing to change the communication model or paradigm.It is changing the very temperament of the relationship between an organisation and its publics in terms of process, content, location, speed and power. The Public Relations e-Commission www. icas. co. uk e-PR ICAS, internet information The internet has created spick-and-span tools and changed objectives an altered geography of electronic network sites, newsgroups, usenets, chat rooms, and bro adcasting lists, and a revised lexicon with terms like rogue web sites, metatabs, text-crawlers, reciprocal linking, hyper-text-perts, and search engine placement the names can make the internet sound very complex, however it is a useful communication tool.With information travelling at the velocity of light, communicators discover fresh trends to give back and monitor news that keeps them two steps ahead of the media and the competition. Do you want to know if your client or company will be front-page news before the scoop is even in print? No problem With the emergence of new methods of monitoring media, you can be notified before the news hits the stands or makes the airwaves today public relations practitioners are receiving real-time news-breaks.Public relations consultants can distribute information or look at reports of media placements in literally seconds than depend a week or two. Which system to use depends on the users unavoidably, budget and equipment available for collecting or broadcasting data the more exclusive and appropriate the information sent or received, the more expensive it is. Service companies are constantly coming up with new programs and applications to help public relations practitioners reach the media. Clipping services have upgraded their offerings with daily fax delivery and on-line media monitoring to match the clients clip profile. microbe Public Relations Society of America, Technology transforms media relations work. Public Relations Journal, Nov 1993 v49 n11 p34(1) News distribution companies allow PR agencies to get vital information to the conjure on a large scale in a short time. Traditionally an agency would have to do their press release, put them in envelopes, and mail them out to all journalists. With news distribution companies like Pr Newswire, Pimms, Expedite all you do is e-mail them the release with a list of contacts and they will e-mail, fax, or post the information out.Pr Newswire also has capabilitie s of putting information onto a newswire service which can be accessed by large broadcast and press agencies. hitting Management Software are programmes supplied by companies like Media Disk and PR Newswire, they are large databases containing numerous names of journalists, together with respective publications the systems should be forever updated to keep data current. These systems allow users to build mailing lists for effective targeting and distribution of messages.Technology has changed many aspects (from speed of receiving documents via e-mail, to message boards and chat rooms where rumours can be heard of first etc. ) in the world of Public Relations. However, the areas in which it has not changed much is the talking to journalists, PR consultants still have to use the phone a great deal and face-to-face communication will always remain an important way of conducting business clearly shown with the latest British Airways advertisement, with the cane line Its better to be there.The advertisement shows that the use of technology is all well and good however making the effort to go and see the client is even better (appendix (v)). According to Dan Pinch Human contact of the actual daily job will always stay the same, Public Relations is all about human contact that will never go away. Public relations whether it is offline is and always will be about human relationships The Public Relations e-Commission www. icas. co. uk e-PR ICAS, internet information To keep with the times it would be obvious to assume that many of the PR souseds are or should be using a combination of easy data access and delivery technology to maintain their client base. Clipping services, news wires and informational databases have upgraded their offerings to supply their business organization with information releases.The functions of Public Relations can now be helped along with todays technology, the creation of publicity for products and services can be through with(p) in numerous ways, from the internet to placement in films. Opinion forming on a particular issue can be dealt with by posting an article on the internet and getting feedback from the public. The ability to download photographs from the internet can help media relations. The use of television, cinema, radio, and internet can help with business sponsorship getting more coverage in a variety of ways.PR on the Internet also includes a new set of assumptions, with response speeds measured in seconds, not hours, and a through the looking glass distortion that can make a single person on an Internet newsgroup more potent than the spotless public relations department of a major corporation. Nobody is small on the Web, says Alan Wallace, a principal at Santa Monica-based Inter Active Agency, a brash, two-year-old firm dedicated to the proposition that PR agencies not already on the Internet are already out of business. Source Richard Rapaport, PR finds a cool new tool. Forbes, Oct 6, 1997 v160 n7 pS100(6)The internet has clearly made the workload easier to handle for PR firms, however there is also a negative aspect about this tool there are scarier implications that surround the world of internet, such as the reality, that corporate status can be savaged as dissatisfied customers and shareholders exchange comments on the World unsubtle Web. It can all occur without the companies knowledge, if they are not monitoring, and contributing to the forum, message boards and chat rooms it can end up as a modify mix of rumours and misrepresentation, and severe consequences can follow, as Quigley Cold-Eeze discovered (appendix (iii)).When a company faces a crisis, there has never been a more powerful or potentially more destructive tool than the internet, according to Text 100 managing director Katie Kemp Once it gets on the net, you lose control of it. Source Haymarket Publishing Ltd, PR makes its way to IT boardrooms, Marketing, May 27, 1999 p59(2) PR agencies that have the te chnical expertise can set up monitoring services. Edelman Technology, the high-tech sector of Edelman Public Relations Worldwide, assists the complex needs of technology corporations large and small.Staffed by IT specialists in key global markets, Edelman is among the leading industry players in the area of high-tech PR. Edelman has a system called I-Wire which monitors the internet, checking on 55,000 user groups and bulletin boards. It means that if theres trouble, the team responsible can take action. As technologies converge and the pace of development slows, competition for press coverage will intensify, says Lewis. Agencies with little knowledge of journalism and poor technical expertise will be exposed. Weak stories will fail, and so will weak agencies.

Pregnant Couples Should Receive Parenting Lessons Essay

Parenting classes are offered for every type of parent, from the brand new mom and dad to the experience parents of teens. Parenting classes cease champion give you a better grasp on what to expect, learn more active parenting and discipline styles and help you feel more cocksure and in control as a parent. Most parenting classes help parents to understand their roles better, they get an idea about what is going to be bid, they start to get brisk for what is coming next. Regardless of the age of your children, a parenting class helps and provides confidence in parenting, you gain resources, and make new friends.Some new parents are nervous about the new arrival of their little one, and they are completly right to be wish well that. A new baby brings new challenges and experiences that some parents simply arent furnished or prepared to deal with. Taking a parenting class can help you feel more confident in your abilities as a parent, whether youre bringing home a new baby or dealing with the trials of a preteen at home. Parenting classes can help in the transition of cosmos a normal person to the process of becoming a parent so in that way you know what to expect and how to handle the situations they present.If youre like some parents, the terms attachment parenting, or positive discipline may be confusing to you. The terms often used when talking with other parents can leave you scratching your head and wondering avout what they might be talking. Parenting classes give the opportunity to ask questions in a safe setting and gain resources from the teachers, like books and pamphlets, so that you can choose the best parenting method based upon your own knowledge.The world of a parent sometimes can be isolating and lonely. With a child,suddenly you dont have time to spend with your single friends. Parenting classes are an excellent way to meet other parents who are in the aforesaid(prenominal) walk of life and in similar situations like you. Together, yo u can find parenting solutions and have an opportunity to socialize with persons who can undersatnd your day-to-day struggles, or problems.Being a good mom or dad means more than baking cookies and buying you lots of cool stuff. An effective parent does things like structure pregnant family activities that help kids learn while having fun. Providing guidance, encouragement, and discipline are some of the things good parents do, all this can be achieved by having parenting guidance. A parenting class can help you become a better parent as you learn strategies to stay close to your children as you raise them to be functioning members of society.

Strategic Review of Australian Department Store David Jones

David J bingles Limited (DJS) is an Australian retailer tracing its origins back to 1838 when it start opened in Sydney to sell the best and most exclusive goods (DJS, 31 Oct. 2009). It has since expanded to become a national retail chain comprising of nearly 40 premium plane section stores. The subject of this analysis is a strategic business unit (SBU) that is playing an increasingly important role in the associations future growth strategy namely the provision of financial services.As the result of a strategic alliance with American talk (AMEX), DJS launched the David Jones American take (DJA) tantalize in 2008 (ASX Media Release, 20 February 2008). To effectively analyse the value proposition of this SBU and product it is important to first examine the overall value proposition of the club. As defined by Kotler, a companys value proposition is the set of benefits which it promises to deliver to consumers in order to satisfy their needs (Kotler et al. 009). In the deterrent example of DJS these core benefits atomic number 18 the provision of an empowering level of customer service, a distinctive store ambiance, a unique and high quality product part and international brand portfolio offered at competitive prices, and a mission statement to be the best full line, differentiated part store (DJS Enterprise capital of New Hampshire 2006). Key aspects of this proposition let in the companys focus on quality, luxury and aspiration.In terms of Maslows hierarchy of needs it demonstrates a swear to deliver an experience and array of products which satisfy needs of belongingness and self-esteem in a potential buyer (Maslow 1954). It in addition forms the basis for the companys pose strategy and its marketing orientation towards customer satisfaction (AFR Boss Magazine, October 2009, p. 22). The company strives to deliver these key benefits to a primary target market consisting of three generations of women (daughter, m different, grandmother) from dwel ling mobs with preceding(prenominal) average disposable incomes (DJS JP Morgan Conf. October 2009). In other words DJS has a segmenting, targeting and positioning (STP) strategy that is female skewed and aimed at the affluent AB demographic which constitutes the lead 20% of the socio-economic quintile based on education, income and occupation (Roy Morgan, 2009). The value proposition of the DJA learning ability dovetails into this broad set of company values, offering an array of additional benefits and functionality for DJS customers that compliment the companys market position as an aspirational brand (ASX Media Release, 20 Feb. 2008).Whereas historically the companys branded store twit was only accepted in DJS stores, the DJA card offers customers credit facilities at any merchant who accepts AMEX. It therefore leverages the AMEX brand as a leading global payments, network and fit company with its corresponding level of acceptance to offer DJS customers additional credit pu rchasing power and functionality (AMEX, 31 Oct. 2009). The DJA card also offers unique reward benefits and gift points to patriotic customers, professing to turn everyday spending into dream brands and dream destinations (DJS, 31 Oct. 009). The value propositions of DJS and DJA can be considered effective for a number of key reasons. first off the core beliefs which underpin these value propositions have remained largely consistent over time, with only small changes in response to evolving markets. This is important given they act as the foundation of a companys brand building process (MM 2009, p. 2-34). Secondly they are unique, leveraging DJS focus on luxury and aspiration to divine service differentiate product offerings like the DJA card from that of competitors.Thirdly these values augment the companys segmenting and positioning strategy by providing clear benefits targeted to their core customer base. Lastly the value proposition is well communicated, permeating all aspects of their marketing mix and integrated marketing communications strategy through mediums such as in-store branding, contract mail, print media, publicity, and online marketing. An overall analysis of the five Cs was conducted for the DJA business unit Company Strengths Joining of two strong brands, reduction of bump for DJS, wealthy customer base, strong growth of financial services, distinctive house of brands.Weaknesses Potential damage to DJS brand by alliance partners actions, lean structure, lack of acceptance of AMEX separate generally, higher merchant fees associated with AMEX. Opportunities Store expansion increasing reach of customer base for DJA card, expansion of DJA alliance, supplementary card, condition program. Threats Cardholder resentment at annual fee, alliance partner motivations, Myer IPO, supermarket co-branded cards, AMEX debt recovery procedures. Customers DJS retail DJs core customer comprises of 3 generations of women daughter, mother, grandmother, wi th a household income of $75,000 p. . (Macquarie Australia Confere nce, 2009, Mark McInnes). As the DJA credit card is a product development strategy, of supplying new products to live markets, the customers of DJA are essentially the same as the true DJS customers. Collaborators Strategic alliance with AMEX in the provision of the DJA credit card. International alliances with other retail stores when the DJA card is used within their stores (eg. Harrods, Harvey Nichols, etc. ). Other local anesthetic bonus partners in the DJA reward program (eg. Vintage Cellars). Competitors DJs competitive environment is summarised using the following adaptation of Porters Five Forces (Porter, 1908, in MKMT, 2009, 1-26). labor Competitors Mastercard, Visa, and other smaller credit card providers. Along with other AMEX co-branded credit cards and store cards. New Entrants Barriers to entry in the credit card market are high including capital for lending and the setup of infrastructure. Althoug h these issues can be mainly overcome by forming a strategic alliance with one of the major credit card providers, as has been done in the case of the DJA credit card.Substitutes There are a number of substitutes to the DJA credit card including EFTPOS direct from bank accounts DJS store cards, Visa Debit and cash. Power of Suppliers Threat of forward integration by alliance partner AMEX. Context DJAs operating setting is defined using the following adaptation of PESTLE model (MKMT, 2009, 1-29). Political Operating within each Australian State requires understanding of a plenty of separate state governments regulators, government policy and the impact on consumer confidence in the provision of credit cards.Proposed changes to the National Consumer Credit Regime currently existence considered by the Federal Treasury. Economic Performance of the credit card sector is closely linked to consumer confidence within the market, key indicators affecting consumer confidence include GDP g rowth, unemployment rates, interest rates, banking sector health, public sector debt. Increasing levels of private sector credit card debt. Socio-Cultural Current trends in fashion affecting house of brands and indirectly the DJA card. Societal downward trend extraneous from carrying and transacting with cash towards the use of alternative point of sales payments.Technological New competitors in the form of online obtain experience. Legal Operating within numerous legal jurisdictions requiring understanding of each unique jurisdiction in relation to providing financial services. Environmental Current resist towards credit card companies to introduce paperless billing. Demographic Increasing standard of living in Australia leading to great take up of credit cards and other lending avenues. Ageing population in Australia which is aligned with the DJS brand and the DJS core customer base. SWOT Analysis (MM 2009, 1-25) Strengths (S1) Brand strengths David Jones is a strong iconic Au stralian brand with 170 year history (DJS JP Morgan Conf. , Oct 2009) and David Jones has offered branded credit cards to its customers for 48 years (McInnes, National Consumer Credit Regime, 12 June 2009). American Express create in 1850 and in the 1950s, issued its first credit card (AMEX, 31 Oct. 2009). The DJA card capitalises on the strength of both brand heritages and service cultures, both locally and internationally (ASX Media Release, 20 Feb. 2008). S2) Strong financial structure with reduced risk to DJS Alliance partner is responsible for the credit policy and owns the receivables of the Financial Services business with the take away of $374. 3m of largely debt funded receivables to American Express (DJS FY09, 24 Sept. 2009) and so the risk associated with the portfolio sits with AMEX not DJS. (S3) Wealthy customers Core customers have above average disposable income with a household income of greater than $75,000 (DJS JP Morgan Conf. , Oct 2009). (S4) Strong growth of f inancial services 7. % growth in past year and same projected over next four-spot years and large growth in core customer base (DJS JP Morgan Conf. , Oct 2009). (S5) Distinctive House of Brands positioning with the best product range, great service and the reinvigoration of high-value stores (David Jones FY 09, 24 Sept. 2009). Each DJS offering needs to be distinctly branded in a way which creates an individual brand relationship with the customer whist also aligning with the overall position of the master brand of DJS itself (Aaker andJoachimsthaler 2000). (S6) Growth of brands Strong range of national and international brands (DJS JP Morgan Conf. Oct 2009). The growth of these brands via the introduction of 50 new department store exclusive brands to its portfolio across all categories at DJS stores is more attractive to buyers (Samador, 28 Nov. 2008). (S7) Fee structure High membership fees, merchant fees, and credit fees deliver more cash for generous rewards program. Weakness es (W1) Risk of DJS brand being linked to AMEX DJS brand linked to AMEX credit policy and debt recovery. AMEX are perceived to be a pushy credit provider, with one shareholder describing AMEX as a low grade card that diminishes David Jones prestigious story, (Samador, 28Nov. 2008). (W2) Fee structure Internal shareholders resistance to the $99 annual membership fee and 20. 49% per annum interest rate (the DJS Store card was stop to join). (W3) High merchant fees and low merchant acceptance AMEX merchant fees are the highest of all mainstream credit cards on offer in Australia (RBA, 6 Nov. 2009). This has led to lower acceptance of AMEX compared to MasterCard and Visa Australia wide. Overall AMEX and DJS have complimentary and mutual strengths that compensate for their individual weaknesses, giving them greater unite strength.Opportunities (O-1) DJA credit card usage outside DJS stores The strong history of the store-card (McInnes, National Consumer Credit Regime, 12 June 2009) and the high proportion of store-card holders in the DJA card program (Samador, 28 Nov. 2008) imply that card usage is likely to continue to be concentrated in-store. Given national spending in Department Stores accounts for less than 9% of meat retail spending (ABS Retail Trade, Sept 2009) there is large opportunity for DJA to grow revenue through usage in the wider retail market. O-2) DJA credit card usage inside DJS stores The DJS store-card is held by many cardholders as a status symbol (Hanson, 2009, pers. Comm, 30 Oct. ). DJA may build on this perception to encourage greater spending in-store and greater in-store usage of the DJA card. (O-3) DJA cardholder expansion The DJA card program inherited 400,000 active accounts from DJS (McInnes, National Consumer Credit Regime, 12 June 2009). However this is a small dower of the market, given there are over 14. 3 million credit card accounts in Australia (RBA, 6 Nov 2009).Increasing the number of DJA cardholders, within the target se gment, is a significant opportunity for DJA. Leveraging the increased market coverage, to be achieved by the DJS store expansion program (DJS JP Morgan Conf. , Oct 2009), is one such means of increasing cardholder numbers. (O-4) involution of the DJA alliance In addition to credit cards, AMEX offers a range of insurance products, travel and financial services (AMEX, 31 Oct. 2009). DJA currently offers insurance products and travel services to their cardholders through their Gift Points program (DJS, 31 Oct. 009). DJA may offer a wider range of AMEX insurance products, travel and financial services, under the DJS brand, to their existing DJA cardholders and DJS customers. Threats (T) (T-1) Resentment of the annual fee Many DJA cardholders, whom had migrated from the DJS store-card, resented the newly imposed $99 annual fee (DJS, 31 Oct. 2009). The resentment of the fee is re-ignited annually when the fee is levied, such that cardholders will continue to re-evaluate the on-going bene fits of the DJA credit card. T-2) Alliance partner AMEX on a lower floor the DJA alliance, the merchant fee is waived on purchases made within DJS stores on DJA credit cards (Hanson, 2009, pers. Comm, 30 Oct. ). Given the DJA credit card history as a DJS store-card, a high proportion of spending is conducted within DJS stores, thereby limiting the merchant fees collectable by DJA. AMEX would benefit significantly by luring DJA credit cardholders to alternate AMEX products, so AMEX would receive merchant fees on card purchases within DJS stores. (T-3) The Myer IPO Preferential share allocations were offered to Myer One cardholders in the Myer IPO ( channel Day, 23 Sept. 2009). Current and potential DJA credit card customers may have been swayed away to the Myer One card program to benefit in the Myer IPO. (T-4) Supermarket linked credit cards The co-branded credit card market is keenly contested by department stores, supermarkets and petrol companies to name a few. Monthly retail ex penditure on food is over five times greater than department store expenditure (ABS Retail Trade, Sept 2009). Customers may elect to align their credit card with the retail store where they spend the most money, the most frequently. (T-5) AMEX Debt recovery procedures Under the DJA alliance, debt recovery is handled by AMEX.Strong debt recovery procedures and activity from AMEX may reflect poorly on the DJA card and the DJS stores as customer may not differentiate between the two. References Ansoff, I. Strategies for Diversification, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 35, Issue 5, Sep-Oct 1957, pp. 113-124. Maslow, A. 1954, Motivation and personality, Harper and Row. Aaker, D. A. , Joachimsthaler, E. 2000, Brand leadership Building assets in the information society, Journal of Consumer market. Kotler, P. , Adam, S. , Denize, S. Armstrong, G. 2009, Principles of marketing, 4th edn, Pearson Prentice Hall.Marketing Management, 2009, AGSM MBA Programs Graduate Diploma in Management. ASX M edia Release, David Jones selects American Express as its strategic alliance partner for its general purpose card, 20 February 2008. Mitchell, S. , AFR Boss Magazine, October 2009, p. 22 McInnes, M. , Goddard, S. , David Jones JP Morgan collection Oct 2009. David Jones, Full Year (FY09) Results August 2008 July 2009, http//www. davidjones. com. au/images/corp/pdf/2009/FY09_Results_24Sep09. pdf, 24 September 2009. McInnes, M. , National Consumer Credit Regime, http//www. treasury. gov. u/consumercredit/content/consultation/submissions/downloads/national_consumer_credit_regime/David_Jones. pdf , 12 June 2009) Reserve patois of Australia, Credit and Charge Card Statistics, http//www. rba. gov. au/statistics/bulletin. html , September 2009 5pm. Australian Bureau of Statistics, Retail Trade, http//www. ausstats. abs. gov. au/ausstats/meisubs. nsf/0/0C3F2426BB831DF3CA257662000E0A71/$File/85010_sep%202009. pdf , September 2009, p6 ASX Media Release, David Jones Selects American Expre ss as its Strategic Alliance Partner for its General Purpose card, http//www. asx. com. au/asxpdf/20080220/pdf/317jmwgpqdm2qr. df , 20 February 2008. Samador, L. , Investors Turn on David Jones Amex card, http//news. theage. com. au/business/investors-turn-on-david-jones-amex-card-20081128-6mtb. html, 28 November 2008. Business Day, Premier results add weight to timing of Myer float, http//www. businessday. com. au/business/premier-results-add-weight-to-timing-of-myer-float-20090922-g0ly. html, 23 September 2009. David Jones, David Jones Enterprise Agreement 2006, http//www. sda. org. au/images/awards/award13. pdf, Accessed 2 Nov. 2009. www. americanexpress. com, Accessed 31 October 2009 5pm www. davidjones. com. au, Accessed 31 October 2009, 5pm

Effect of Unethical Behavior Article Analysis

The unethical practices & behavior in todays furrow accounting often goes unchecked, because the actions directly affect management or executives, since they usually control this accounting hence the results. If someone thinks their job might be in jeopardy they may falsify thinks for these members of management. As it seems obvious, falsify or altering business documents such as sales receipts, or tampering with reports would be considered unethical practices. According to Anonymous Employee (n. d. , Among the most common unethical business behaviors of employees are making long-distance calls on business lines, duplicating software for use at home, falsifying the number of hours worked, or much more serious and illegal practices, such as embezzling money from the business, or falsifying business records. (para. 1).Among those situational exampleswhich include embezzlement of property by an accountant from their employers for financial gain also include accountants receiving co rporate pressure from their client to report false information and having unrealistic objectives and deadlines. An accountant may decide to work for a company even though a conflict of interest may exist. If the accountant is owed money or has a operative stake in a firm, he or she may not be the ideal individual to prepare certain companies financial statements. (Jacobsen, 2008, para. 10). The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 is enactment enacted for the protection from the unethical behaviors. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act puts rules in plant to hold executives accountable for the accuracy of their organizations financial statements. The rules that are put in place achieve harsher punishments and criminal penalties for non-compliance.The Sarbanes-Oxley Act does its best to ensure financial statements be true and correct. Section 406 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires that publicly traded companies disclose their code of ethics for elderly financial officers. The Act was designed to promot e honest and ethical conduct full and accurate disclosure in periodic reports and compliance with applicable authorities rules and regulations. (Jacobsen, 2008, para. 10). Does the Sarbanes-Oxley Act completely guarantee ethically correct financial statements each and every time?ReferencesJacobsen, R. (2008, January). Unethical Behavior In The Workplace. EzineArticles, (), . Retrieved from http//ezinearticles.com/?Unethical-Behavior-In-The-Workplaceid=954264Anonymous Employee.(n.d.).Unethical behavior in the workplace. Retrieved from http//www.anonymousemployee.com/csssite/sidelinks/unethical_behavior.php

Porter 5 forces on Tourism industry and explanation Essay

The UK Inbound Tourism IndustryIntroductionTourism is seventh of the largest industries in the UK, worthy 74 billion to the UK economy. There are currently 2.1 meg jobs in the industry. Within the inbound Tourism to the UK, 30 million overseas visitors who came in 2005 spent 14 billion on holidays 2005 was a record year for UK inbound tourism both in terms of volume and value. The UK ranks fifth in when compared worldwide tourism earnings league behind the USA, Spain, France and Italy. Within UK home Tourism, UK residents in 2005 took 59.3 million holidays of one night or more spending 11.5 billion. They even took 22.5 million overnight business trips spending 5.3 billion and 52.7 million overnight trips to friends, family& relatives spending 5.4 billion (Mintel 2008)(Visit Britain, ).Porters Five ForcesFig 1Threat of New EntrantsThreat of new entrants into the tourism industry is very high thither were a handful of low-priced carriers in the UK, flying mostly to holiday destina tions. The food market valuation of Ryan air run short more than that of British Airways.Since then, there are many more new entrants in the low-cost carrier sector, posing major menaces to the front runners, Ryan air and easily Jet. A shake-out of the low-cost segment is taking place. The share price of Ryan air has begun to lour because of the threat of new entrants (Beech and Chadwick, 2006). reckon 1 Economies of ScaleNew entrants comport to match existent providers to be able to survive and grow. One appeal for new airline entrants is the forecast increases in UK air travel from 200 million at register to 500 million journeys in 2030. The World Tourism Organisation estimates the doubling of air journeys over the same time period.Matching the cost base of existent new careers, new entrants could control a share of the air journeys. Within this long-term trend, there are likely to be reductions caused by events of and the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. This arse lead to c onsolidation through obligateovers, as this happened through the merger of Klm and Air France, TUI taking over Thomson and Thomas Cook merging with German- base tour operators. These have light-emitting diode to companies with a global presence in the tourism market (Beech and Chadwick, 2006).Factor 2 Product DifferentiationA new entrant has to have a unique change point to attract customers. In tourism, there is a major tendency among tourists to be tempted by special offers in the form of discounts, add-ons and novelty value. Tourists have changed destinations, or choose different offerings in the same destination, depending on what was on offer and at what price and calibre, or have moved from high-cost to low-cost carriers for their travel. There are companies that look to develop a unique product and branding, such as Thomas Cook (offering Club 18-30) and Saga (providing holidays and other products for the 50+ age group), and ecotourist holidays by TUI (Beech and Chadwick, 2 006).Factor 3 Switching CostsThese are one-time for the customer in switching from one supplier to another. In booking a holiday, travel agents shops tend to be in close immediacy to one another, and can be accessed by the internet and the telephone. Customers are used to shopping around and especially, in a culture operate by bargain hunting. Selecting which country to visit is influenced by whether it offers value for money (Beech and Chadwick, 2006).Factor 4 Capital Investment and Working CapitalThis can be a considerable entry barrier. For example, Iberostar are expanding by creating resorts in Croatia and the Caribbean. These require large capital investment and in operation(p) costs and a long-term commitment, which is predicted on an estimate of economic and political stability in these destinations. Existing resorts will need renewed investment to preserve their competitiveness (Beech and Chadwick, 2006).Factor 5 Access to dispersal ChannelsConsolidation in the holiday market means that organisations such as Thomas Cook and TUI have considerable vertical integration involving hotels, airlines and travel agents and by market development have expanded their distribution channels. Independents have to develop their own networks. However, telesales and internet intermediaries have created new opportunities for new entrants to sell their services (Beech and Chadwick, 2006).Factor 6 Government Policy and RegulationLaws passed by governments can act as an individual to new entrants. Some governments require investment to be linked to a local partner. The Maastricht Treaty of 1991 freed up the free movement of capital from one member state to another within the European Union. In the Mallorcan resort of Palma Nova/Magaluf, the local organisation of tourism businesses is lobbying municipal and regional government not to allow the development of all inclusive resorts because their members will lose sales to these tourists (Beech and Chadwick, 2006).Threa t of SubstitutesThe threat of substitutes is low for the tourism industry. British people took their holidays in UK resorts before the 1960s. However, since the late 1950s, the development of jet travel has opened up travel to European destinations that leads to the decline of UK resorts. However, there has been the potential to develop sales to UK destinations.Power of CustomersThe power of customers is high, because they can have a huge power and influence profitability. Tour operators such as Thomas Cook and TUI purchase large volumes of hotel accommodation at the lowest prices. A common complaint by hoteliers is that if they do not comply, tour operators take their custom elsewhere. Tour operators identify a new destination with low start-up costs, and compete with existing destinations, which are then agonistic to lower their prices. Holiday-makers make choices based on quality at the lowest price and choose destinations different from the previous year .Power of SuppliersPowe r of suppliers is low. When suppliers have bargaining power, they can vary prices and quality of their services. In tourism, suppliers include raw materials, equipment, financial services and sources of labour. Tour operators have been evading travel agents by selling direct to holiday-makers through telesales and the internet .Intensity of challenger RivalryIntensity of competitive rivalry is very high, because organisations can face direct and indirect competitors. In tourism, direct competitors will depend on the sector of activity.In hotels, there are companies providing an economy, mid-range or top-level service, for which they charge an appropriate price. They compete within their own segment.By contrast, low-cost airlines operating short hauls were better able to survive and grow. The high-cost airlines were forced to engage in price cutting and competing with low-cost airlines to retain business. The long haul airlines have learnt to reduce turnaround times between flights, reduce operating costs and become leaner and meaner. The low-cost airline sector is competitive with 50 firms in Europe alone. There is the threat of high cost carriers competing in the no-frills sector as British Airways is threatening to do (Beech and Chadwick).ConclusionTo sum it up, competition in the UK tourism industry is fierce. Investment is so high-risk that responsible ethical investment companies withdraw from investing, and therefore the opportunity of ethical investment power is lost. It has become harder for travel companies to compete, because the products they offer are relatively the same. They have higher margins because of lower price sensitivity of wealthy customers. After all, companies goal is to have high profits and high sales. The nature of the relationship between a small business firm and its customers is trust. The answers to certain questions concerning practices with probable ethical consequences can be used by small business owner to prevent the sci ence of unethical practices.RefrencesMintel Reports Accessed from http//reports.mintel.com/ Dated 8th of November.Robert M Grant (2008) Contemporary strategy analysis,6th Ed, BlackwellBeech, J. and Chadwick, S (2006) Accessed from The Business of Tourism Management on Dated 8th of NovemberVisit Britain (2006). mesh Patterns International versus Domestic Tourism Travel Accessed from www.tourismtrade.org.uk on dated 10th of November.

Experiences of Child Poverty Essay

London is the capital of the United Kingdom. The administrative structure in Greater London consists of 32 counties (boroughs) and the City of London, extending oer 1584 kilometers . The state of London is around 7.5 million however through unwrap Greater London about 13 million passel outlast. The GDP per capita for The UK is $36,500. London is the richest give way of Britain and yet it has the highest rates of pauperization in the UK. Lagos is the largest city in Nigeria. With an estimated population of 8.8 million inhabitants in the city, or rather 10.7 million in the metropolitan argona, Lagos is the minute of arc largest city in Africa. The UN estimates that at its present growth rate, Lagos state will be third largest mega city in the world by 2015 after capital of Japan in Japan and Mumbai in India. Lagos is the main city of the south-western part of Nigeria, Africa. The GDP per capita in Lagos is $3,649. Over 10,000 people arrive at Lagos every week in search of jobs an d most end up in the citys mega slum do to the lack of job opportunity.Children biography in poverty ar those who experience deprivation of the material, spiritual and emotional resources needed to survive, develop and thrive, leaving them unable to enjoy their lives, achieve their full potential or participate as full members of society. The easiest way to quantify babe poverty is by setting an absolute or relative monetary threshold. If a family does non earn to a higher place that threshold, the children of that family will be considered to live below the poverty line. Absolute poverty thresholds argon fixed, whereas relative poverty thresholds are developed with reference to the actual income of the population and reflect changes in consumption. This is not always accurate, as it is only an average and there are people earning millions who affect that average GDP per capita. In lamentable areas of London there are many problems that face children. The poor areas tend to be in places that lack jobs and job opportunities e.g. Hackney, Such poor areas can rightfully affect the childs life referable to their living conditions.These children are living in relative poverty as they do have bother to clean peeing, nutriment and shelter which is provided by the state, but are considered poor to the rest of society as they cant afford luxuries and nor center fieldy regard upon benefits to get though life. These areas that lack job opportunities have high unemployment rates and so people have low incomes and often relate to crime as it is the culture of the area and people feel they do not get enough support from the government and feel let down and ignored. These poor areas are prime spots for drug dealers and drug addicts. This is importantly bad as they have a low income and so cant afford the drugs and so they use the money which would have been spent on the children E.g. quality food. Rather than spending the money on fracture quality food they spen d it on the drugs they are dependent on as they are addicted and so the child looses out as they tend to be mall nourished.Being mall nourished can increase the chances of becoming ill which then in turn federal agency the child is less likely to spend time in school as they are off ill. This then affects their learning and they under achieve which means they have a less chance of ever get a job and so they are trapped in the poverty cycle. It is then rely difficult for the children to good fortune out of the poverty cycle due to many factors that affect them. Whereas Children living in the slums of Lagos also suffer from poverty, however the majority live in absolute poverty as they do not always have access to clean water, food and shelter, for example these children dont have access to clean water and so most of the water is contaminated with diseases like cholera. Allot of children catch cholera from drinking dirty water which makes them ill and as most of the children have n o access to health care due to their parents being born they can remain ill for a long time and it can be fatal.Being ill means they cannot help to provide for the family and the money being spent on their health cannot be spent on other vital things like basic food stuffs. It is hard to get out of both cases of poverty however the children in the slums of Lagos are worse off and have a lower standard of living than the children living in Hackney. The majority of children living in poverty in Lagos are born to poor parents. Be example of things like adult poverty, lack of education, unemployment, disabilities and discrimination pregnantly affect the causes of child poverty. Lack of agnatic economic resources such as disposable income restricts childrens opportunities and therefore the children are unable to go to school and delegate of these children are forced to work. The problem is that allot of these jobs where children are forced to work are very dangerous and can cause inj uries, health problems and even death. E.g. the recycle of old oil drums that contain harmful toxins.The main reason why the children in Hackney are trapped in the poverty cycle is because of the parents/Careers as well. The cycle of poverty is when a family remains in poverty over many successive generations. Family issues can play a big part in the reason for the child being submitted to a life of poverty. If the parents get in debt then this can be the cause of allot of stress, this can also cause the child to have stress which can affect their learning ability and health. Stress can also cause breakups between couples this can lead to maven mothers who are left on their own to support the child and themselves, which can also lead to father stress. Most single parents are unemployed because they helve to look after the children and so they rely on benefits. Teen pregnancies in both MEDCs and LEDCs are big causes of child poverty.Children resulting from unwanted pregnancies are m ore likely to live in poverty raising a child requires allot of resources, so each additional child increases demands on parental resources. Families raised by a single parent are generally poorer than those raised by couples. This can be a big issue in LEDC countries such as Lagos. Many teens abandon their children as they simply do not have the resources available to support their child as they cannot claim benefits as they do not exist. Where as in MEDCs, teen moms are supported by the government and family. The problem in Lagos is that children generally suffer from absolute poverty however there is also relative poverty. With absolute poverty children generally do not have what they need. They are short of basic food, water, shelter, clothing and decent or sufficient health care.Where as in Hackney people do not suffer from absolute poverty and so are better off, however they live in relative poverty that is poverty under relative terms is viewed as being what some people lack in relation to other people. In my opinion the worst experience of child poverty in Lagos would be the lack of Clean water which causes a significant amount of deaths and illnesses and affects the family as a whole as the money used to pay for the childs healthcare comes from the money normally spent on other necessities like food or education. The government of Nigeria could provide communities with wells however it would cost a phenomenal amount of money , and the majority of the people dont live on legal grounds as they have just moved there and have not actually remunerative to live there and so the government would not be allowed to build wells as most of the people dont have permition to live there in the first place.The worst experiences for children living in Hackney would be the culture of the area and so children grow up with crime tie in experiences, this then means that most of the children get brought up with crime and this can keep them in the poverty cycle. The gov ernment of Britain could increase prison sentences and increase policing in these areas. This policy would be expensive however it would increase the standards of living for these people and help them get out of relative poverty. Both cases of poverty affect the childs opportunities in life. This means they are limited jobs available to them or unemployment if there is a lack of job opportunities.There future generations will believably also live in poverty, whether absolute or relative. They will rarely experience if at all the luxuries and experiences we take for granted. Their only hope getting out of poverty is if the government adopts a poverty reduction strategy paper (PRSP) and use schemes like the growth of the cities and urban development, employment opportunities and poverty reduction and admit schemes. Also the best way to reduce child poverty would be to reduce child labour and increase accessibility to education by make more schools and improving the quality of educa tion. This is a key point that governments need to adopt in order to reduce child poverty and help break the poverty cycle.

Disadvantages of video games Essay

mental picture games have been avail equal to consumers for the last 30 years. They are a unique form of entertainment, because they hike players to baffle a part of the games script. Todays sophisticated scene games require players to pay constant attention to the game, rather than passively watching a movie. This has both positive and negative concerns on players. Several studies have been published that explore these impacts on like a shots squirtren. Sections What impact does playacting image games have on children or adolescents? Tips on managing your childs media economic consumption.The Entertainment Software Rating Board (ESRB) References What impact does playing television system games have on children or adolescents? The most widely used positive impact video recording games are said to have on children is that they whitethorn improve a players manual dexterity and computer literacy. Ever-improving technology as good provides players with better graphics tha t give a more realistic virtual playing experience. This quality makes the video game industry a powerful force in umpteen adolescent lives. However, numerous studies assign that video games, especially ones with violent content, make teens more self-assertive.Part of the increase in aggressive conduct is linked to the amount of time children are allowed to play video games. In one study by Walsh (2000), a majority of teens admitted that their parents do not impose a time limit on the good turn of hours they are allowed to play video games. The study overly showed that most parents are unaware of the content or the Entertainment Software Rating Board (ESRB) evaluate (see below) of the video games their children play.In an separate study conducted by Gentile, Lynch, Linder & Walsh (2004, p.6) adolescent girls played video games for an average of 5 hours a week, whereas boys averaged 13 hours a week. The authors also stated that teens who play violent video games for extended pe riods of time Tend to be more aggressive Are more prone to confrontation with their teachers May engage in fights with their peers See a crash in school achievements. (Gentile et al, 2004).The interactive quality of video games differs from passively viewing television or movies because it allows players to become active participants in the games script.Players benefit from engaging in acts of violence and are then(prenominal) able to move to the games next level. Gentile & Anderson (2003) state that playing video games may increase aggressive behavior because violent acts are continually repeated throughout the video game. This method acting of repetition has long been considered an movementive teaching method in reinforcing learning patterns. Video games also encourage players to identify with and role play their favorite characters.This is referred to as a first-person video game (Anderson & Dill, 2000, p. 788) because players are able to make decisions affecting the actions o f the character they are imitating. After a limited amount of time playing a violent video game, a player can automatically prime aggressive thoughts (Bushman & Anderson, 2002, p. 1680). The researchers cogitate that players who had prior experience playing violent video games responded with an increased level of aggression when they encountered confrontation (Bushman & Anderson, 2002).In a Joint Statement (2000) before the Congressional Public Health Summit, a number of American medical associations the American Medical Association, American Academy of Pediatrics, American Psychological Association, American Academy of Family Physicians and American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry caution parents about violence in the media and its negative effect on children. Their report states that exposure to violent media can elevate aggressive feelings and thoughts, especially in children. These set up on aggressive behavior can be long-term.Although fewer studies have been condu cted on interactive video games, evidence suggests that playing violent video games may have a more dramatic make for on the behavior of children and adolescents (Joint Statement, 2000). Back to top Tips on managing your childs media consumption Because of the popularity of video games, tout ensemble eliminating them from your childs life might be difficult. But you can decrease the negative impact that they have on your child. Here are a few tips Know the rating of the video games your child plays (see below). Do not install video game equipment in your childs bedroom.Set limits on how often and how long your child is allowed to play video games. Monitor all of your childs media consumption video games, television, movies and Internet. Supervise your childs Internet use there are now many video games available for playing online. Take the time to discuss with your children the games they are playing or other media they are watching. Ask your children how they feel about what th ey observe in these video games, television programs or movies. This is an prospect to share your feelings and grow closer with your child.Share with other parents information about certain games or ideas for service of process each other in parenting. Back to top The Entertainment Software Rating Board (ESRB) The ESRB is a self-regulatory body established in 1994 by the Interactive Digital Software Association (IDSA). The major video game manufacturers created this board after concerned groups applied pressure over the content of video games. confusable to the movie industrys rating system, all major game companies now submit their saucy products for rating to specially trained raters at the ESRB. The ESRB rates over 1,000 games per year.The ESRB looks at a number of factors when rating games. In particular, it considers the amount of violence, sex, controversial language and substance abuse found in a game. found on its developed guidelines, the ESRB then gives an age recomme ndation and content descriptor to each game submitted. The hobby are the rating symbols currently in use, according to the ESRB Web site. Early Childhood (EC) Content should be suitable for children 3 years and older and contain no objectionable material. Everyone (E) Content suitable for persons ages 6 and older.The game may contain minimal violence and some comic mischief. Teen (T) Content suitable for persons ages 13 and older. Content is more violent than (E) rating and contains mild or strong language, and/or indicatory themes. Mature (M) Content suitable for persons ages 17 and older. Content definitely has more mature sexual themes, fervent violence and stronger language.Adults Only (AO) Content suitable only for adults and may contain graphic sex and/or violence. Adult Only products are not intended for persons under the age of 18. Rating Pending (RP) plot has been submitted to the ESRB and is awaiting a final rating.The ESRB Web site has more details about this rating system, as well as the content descriptors that are used in conjunction with the ratings on game packaging. The site is also useful for parents who want to search for the rating of a particular game.Back to top References Bushman, B. & Anderson, C. (2002). Violent Video Games and Hostile Expectations A Test of the General Aggression Model. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 1679-1686. Gentile, D. A. & Anderson, C. A. (2003). Violent video games The newest media violence hazard. In D. A. Gentile (Ed. ), Media violence and children.Westport, CT Praeger Publishing. Gentile, D. A. , Lynch, P. , Linder, J. & Walsh, D. (2004). The effects of violent video game habits on adolescent hostility, aggressive behaviors, and school performance. Journal of Adolescence, 27, 5-22. Joint Statement on the Impact of Entertainment military unit on Children Congressional Public Health Summit. (July 26, 2000. )Available http//www. aap. org/advocacy/ releases/jstmtevc. htm. Walsh, D. (2000). Interactive violence and children Testimony submitted to the commission on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, United States Senate. (March 21, 2000.).Back to top Source http//www. pamf. org/preteen/parents/videogames. html By Andrea Norcia, college assimilator writer Reviewed by the Web Content Committee of PAMF Additional articles Violent Video Games and Aggressive Behaviors, By Andrea Norcia, college student writer Join the conversation Website Feedback Site Map 2012 Palo Alto Medical Foundation. All rights reserved. Sutter Health is a registered trademark of Sutter Health, Reg. U. S. Patent. & Trademark office. Serving communities around Palo Alto, Mountain View, Fremont, San Jose, San Francisco, Oakland, Dublin, San Mateo & Santa Cruz.

Paper on Bsp

randomness Technology Management IT600-1204A-02 Dr. D. Lance Revenaugh By Licia Felton Business System supplying The Business Systems Planning (BSP) Approach was veritable by IBM, a branded technique devised initially for IBM internal enjoyment. It was later sold for customer use in the mid-1970s. Business Systems Planning was one of the first nurture placement planning methods and is now one of the most commonly recognized. This nest shot concentrates on a unassailables info resources and strives to develop an information architecture that supports a organize view of the data packs of the firms major systems.The BSP process identifies the key activities of the firm and the systems and data that support these activities. The data is arranged in classes, and a method is developed to relate data classes to the firms activities and its information systems. (Frenzel, 2004) BSP offers a structured approach to IS planning in numerous defined stages that backsheesh from the identification of business processes, to a definition of required data structures. Data is then followed as they tend throughout the organization by the business activity support or from which they result.The BSP methodology consists of four major activities, documenting the business activities, defining the business processes, defining the data essential to support the business processes, and defining the information architecture. BSP, in addition to its value for IS planning, alike made two other important intellectual contributions It helped affirm the process view of the firm. The popular Business Process Re-engineering of the 1990s was built on this concept. It pointed out the need to de-couple the data from the applications that use these data, i. e. , data independence.This supported the database approach to systems development. (Dubey, 2011) What should Information technology (IT) management professionals understand astir(predicate) the BSP approach? BSP study requires the diversion of staff and other scarce resources from more immediate tasks. Therefore, it is important to fix top management commitment and involvement. This support is needed not only to get things started but also to measure adherence to the plans. Discipline and constraints are imposed by BSP on managers and high-level business executives, who oftentimes view these constraints as counter-productive to their short-term interests.This is why top management support is critical for the BSP study. The BSP approach butt joint be a very effective tool for communicating with users. It helps to articulate major information system segments to define the overall architecture. However, this approach needed further help from other planning methods to make it also peep into the possible opportunities and competition. This approach also has its limitations. It is too internal focused and does not take into reputation extended enterprises needs and creativity. In addition, BSP is very com prehensive, time-consuming and expensive. (Dubey, 2011) In conclusion, the Business Systems Planning (BSP) Approach was developed by IBM, a proprietary technique devised initially for IBM internal use. It was later sold for customer use in the mid-1970s. The BSP methodology consists of four major activities, documenting the business activities, defining the business processes, defining the data necessary to support the business processes, and defining the information architecture. The BSP approach can be a very useful tool for communicating with users.It helps to articulate major information system segments to define the overall architecture. It also has its limitations. The approach is very comprehensive, time-consuming and expensive. References Frenzel, C. W. , & Frenzel, J. C. (2004). Management of Information Technology. 4th Edition, Boston, MA Course Technology. Colorado Technical University. Information Management. Live Chat 10/10/12. Dubey, Shankar Sanjiva. (2011). IT Strateg y and Management. 2nd Edition. Pages 38-39. picpic

The Crucible – Rivalries Exposed in Act Three

The play is centred on the witch endeavors that actu all(prenominal)y took place in Salem, Massach enga cutts during 1692 and 1693. milling machine wrote ab surface(a) the event as an allegory for McCarthyism which occurred in the United States in the 1950s. McCarthyism was a judgment of conviction of prominent anti-communist suspicion in the late 1940s and 1950s. The call connections in the two occurrences were that numerous wad were accuse on little or no evidence and all of it was inconclusive.Also, useistic was the hysteria in all the places where the problems struck. The melting pot, is structured around four master(prenominal)(prenominal) themes which are, evil, feuding, revenge and conflict of authority. All these add tinge twists in the play. Hatred is a tight theme holdim the Salem Witch Trials. The strictness of puritan laws meant people were bound to break them, whether on purpose or by accident, and the strong religious views divided in Salem aro utilize suspicion for the most trivial of matters. As a turn out of this, feuding was inescapable.Petty rivalries caused many arguments in varying situations, and the resulting tense atmosphere in Salem resembled a rumbling vol squirto equitable waiting to erupt. The subsequent controversial tourist court hearings would bring out the worst in some people and possibly the best in others. Before the play began many rivalries were already in existence. Adultery had been attached and aggressive disputes over land had occurred. Personality clashes and ancestral feuds had set families at loggerheads with one a nonher.Consequently, when opportunities arose to define accusations, which could result in hangings, many villagers jumped at the chance with glee thus setting up the third main theme of the play revenge. The final main theme of The Crucible is conflict of authority. In Salem, Massachusetts, the people had no official, outright ruler of their lands so trials were bound to spark a dispu te about authority. Salems folk had a reclusive leader of their prude church, the high-fl give birth Parris. He called in the conditioned Reverend Hale to investigate the witchcraft accusations.t fritterher were many officials of the court as well, including Cheever and the overall judges of the court, Danforth and Hathorne. All these geeks had their own reasons to think themselves the deserved rulers of Salem. With many wise people living in the village, you could be sure that dozens of heated discussions about who should be leader would occur. In the play, many characters are revealed to the audience, except one character we are familiar with from the start, is the villages church leader, Reverend Parris.The whole chain of events could hand over easy been avoided had he been prepared to take a bit of criticism from the villagers, except Reverend Parris was too insane to allow that. This is ironic because the more he tried to stop trouble from arising, the more it actually happened. His main fear was that people were toilsome to uproot him and make him lose his place in their society. He was insecure. This is shown throughout the play, for typesetters case, in fiddle tether he says Parris in a sweat Excellency, you surely cannot think to allow so vile a lie be spread in open court This is an example of many different devices. The staging says he was in a sweat because he was worried and this shows he was not a strong character. Also this comment is the rootage example of salient derision in typify lead. It was ironic because he was remonstrateing about observe lying, and monitor wasnt lying, however Parris was. This was as well as an exclamatory line. It was meant to persuade Danforth to believe Parris and not follow. This was the first of many dramatic techniques used to highlight watch overs and Parris rivalry. Its demonstration of Parris insecurity remains a key feature for the duration of the play.An insecure leader would not exhib it strength, allowing bolder characters to be able to affect his decisions c at one timerning the community. It excessively means he was s guidanceed by others opinions. He didnt possess a definite mind of his own because of his paranoia of being uprooted. Before the start of the play, a strong dispute between Reverend Parris and fundament watch over already existed. Although the rivalry was a key part of the entire play, it was highlighted in venture Three, as I have already shown. Its the first rivalry to be opened in this act.The rivalry r distri stillivelyed its peak when John Proctor was falsely incriminate of compacting with the devil and Reverend Parris was leavening to condemn him. This caused consternation throughout the village since John Proctor was depicted as, and regarded as, a very intelligent man throughout The Crucible. He realised that the people accusive citizens of Salem of witchcraft were the guiltiest of all. This was one device Miller often used in t his play dramatic irony. When John Proctor was forced to defend himself he was quick to turn the accusations upon Abigail Williams and Reverend Parris.As Parris was so daunted about the familys best name, he could not let anything stand that might affect his reputation, and as Abigail was part of his family, he had to start defending her too. At this point in the play, both characters were seek to make the other look seriously. A lot of occurrences were revealed to the court about both Proctor and Parris. As Proctor was being questioned about compacting with the devil, he was quick to point out that Parris had not mentioned the fact that he caught the girls bound naked in the forest at the start of the play.Proctor Taking it right up Abigail leads the girls to the woods, Your Honour, and they have danced there naked - Parris Your Honour, this - Proctor at one time Mr Parris discovered them himself in the dead of night Theres the child she is At this point in the play, Rever end Parris was forced to be very defensive. The fact that Proctor interrupted Parris showed how desperate each character was to get their point across first. With the staging saying at once it conveyed the fact that Proctor did not want Parris to be given the chance to speak.Also, Proctor was very impolite in saying child in the way he did since this would certainly offend Abigail. In the same act, Proctor also admitted the strength of his hatred for Parris. Parris once again questioned him on his attendance and Proctor was very truthful in his reply. The language Arthur Miller used at this point in the play revealed the degree of the mutual loathing and the putting of child in inverted commas showed Proctors disgust at the trust being invested in Abigail whom Parris regarded as modern and innocent.Parris Such a Christian that will not come to church but once in a month Danforth restrained he is curious Not come to church? Proctor I-I have no fare for Mr. Parris. It is no secre t. But God I surely love. Parris was the first person to come out with an exclamatory line. He accused Proctor of not being a true Christian because of his measly attendance at church, but this only provoked Proctor to come back with an honest heretofore harsh reply, and he couldnt be clearer in what he was saying.Even though throughout the play, their hatred for each other was made clear, this line was still key because it showed that Proctor was not afraid to admit, in court, that he did not like the clerical leader of Salem. I think this provides evidence that their rivalry was based on hatred. Proctor may have felt that Parris should rightfully be Salems church leader, but he did not agree with his policies and he did not believe he would be a good leader. Whilst their rivalry reached its peak in Act Three, their argument had, as melodyd, been ongoing throughout the play.For instance, in Act Two, as soon as Reverend Hale arrived, he was told to investigate the accused people s household and it was clear that Parris was extremely quick to inform him that John Proctor attended church seldom compared to most. Proctor once again expressed his opinion in full and did not water it blast. He was very truthful. Hale Good, then. He makes himself a bit more comfortable. In the book of record that Mr. Parris keeps, I note that you are rarely in the church on Sabbath Day. Proctor No, sir, you are mistaken. Hale Twenty-six time in seventeen month, sir.I must call that rare. Will you tell me why you are absent? .. This forthwith showed that Parris had asked Hale to enquire about Proctors lack of attendance at church. Later in the conversation Proctor gave his foremost reason. Hale Mr. Proctor, your house is not a church surely your piety must tell you that. Proctor It does, sir, it does and it tells me that a Minister may pray to God without he have golden candlesticks upon the altar. This made it clear why Proctor disagreed with Parris power, as he did not believe he was managementsed on God.It was ironic that Proctor just wanted to simply praise the Puritan way, whereas, the Puritan Minister had controversial ideas that went against a key part of his faith of keeping things simplistic. This was again a use of dramatic irony a technique continued throughout the play. It was not spoken dramatic irony but its effect was nonetheless profound. Not only did Proctor and Parris have a rivalry, but so to did Proctor and Parris niece, Abigail. This rivalry was also set-up before the play began. Before the beginning of the play Abigail and John Proctor had had an skirmish. This all happened whilst Proctor had a wife.We discover in the play that only Abigail, John Proctor and Elizabeth knew of the affair and Elizabeth had found it in her heart to forgive John for his wrong-doing. Although, John Proctor sincerely regretted the affair, there remained a complication in that Abigail still loved him. Abigail was blind to Proctors feelings so she k ept trying to rekindle their relationship, with no regard for Elizabeth. She wanted John for herself. Her desperation became so great that she stabbed herself in the can with a needle and tried to frame Elizabeth Proctor for witchcraft. She says Abigail Goody Proctor always kept Poppets In reality, Abigail had planted the poppet on Elizabeth Proctor to try and get her arrested and hanged. This exclamatory line was aimed at the court, and say thus because it had a greater dramatic effect. No other information was given to lend focus to that single point. The court took this very seriously as Abigail, ironically, had become the most trusted person in all Salem and effectively directed the court proceedings. Returning to the important exclamatory line spoken, in Act Three, by Proctor regarding Parris and Abigail, his two biggest rivals Proctor at once Mr. Parris discovered them himself in the dead of nightTheres the child she is Proctors exclamation aimed an attack at Abigail by re ferring to her as a child. This language exposed Proctor and Abigails rivalry. He said this because children were seen as innocent and tried and knew Abigail was regarded as such by most of Salem. The exclamatory line was intended to put in bad light Abigails pretence of child-like innocence as a mask for her manipulative behaviour. It also reflected mischievously upon Reverend Parris since he was part of the same family. Child is put in inverted commas in the record to emphasize its pejorative use as the main point of his exclamation.Throughout the play, Proctor wanted Abigail to be exposed for the whore she truly was. In doing this he was even willing to ruin the excellent reputation that he had in Salem. When he admits to having an affair with Abigail, he loses the peoples respect, because he is considered to have sinned in spite of appearance a Puritan community. But, as we see during the entire play, John is not afraid to address unpalatable truths. John Proctor also physica lly attacks Abigail in the court, unable to keep a level head when he sees the trouble her lies are causing.The staging says, Without warning or hesitation, Proctor leaps at Abigail and, grabbing her by the hair, pulls her to her feet. She screams in pain. . . . and out of it all comes Proctors roaring congresswoman. Proctor How do you call Heaven Whore Whore As we testify throughout the whole play, Proctor kept his temper well and for him to physically attack someone comes as a shock to the audience. It really shows how much he hated Abigail and how enraged she has managed to make him. His roaring voice shouts Whore Whore He is saying this because of their affair. It is in fact an accusation.Abigail actions seem to be motivated by a desire to seek revenge on John Proctor because he doesnt love her. This is pathetic, for in doing this, she makes John Proctors feelings of loathing for her only the stronger. In the same act Proctor exclaims She thinks to dance with me on my wifes grave He knows Abigails wish but does not agree with it and this exclamatory line lets everyone know he is against her. Abigail effectively takes the lead in making accusations although it is an unsanctioned role. She can accuse whoever she wants and the blind people of Salem are hooked on her every word.They neer question her judgments or decisions until Proctor provokes Danforth to do so. Even then she avoids the question by quickly faking the espial of a spirit, a device she frequently employs to get out of awkward situations especially when bloody shame warren finally stands up to her. But bloody shame is not at all confident in her accusations against Abigail. She has a really strong case, but as she doesnt really want to accuse Abigail aware of her strong character, she weakens and Proctor does more talking than Mary. Mary and Abigails is the shortest-lived rivalry. It actually only appears in Act Three and no other.Mary is acting as Proctors puppet and in the end the ri valry affects secret code except John Proctor who eventually is accused of compacting with the devil Mary warren terrified, pleading Abby Mary at this point is pleading. The staging shows she is terrified of Abigail. She is screaming Abigails name. It is not only the staging that shows Mary Warrens fear but also the use of the exclamation mark. This reveals it is an exclamatory line and so adds to the tenseness because it is screamed. Act Three is a point in the play where Abigail has to be defensive.She does as she usually does and accuses Mary Warren of sending her spirit on the girls. You can see by the staging how fearful Mary is, not just of the court, but also of Abby. She screams Abbys name, begging her not to accuse her and to stop lying, but Abigails character is too uncaring, too cruel, too persistent, too determined and too deeply affiliated to back out at this stage. She, Abigail, is such an amoral person, that she will see people hang rather than be told off for th e dancing that occurs at the beginning of Act One. Another rivalry that centres on Act Three is that between Reverend Hale and Danforth.Throughout the Act, there is a clear conflict of authority. Reverend Hale, being a learned Church leader, knows Abigail is lying, and that the court is corrupt. We see Hale introduced in the first Act because Parris feels that such a clever man will put his village to rest. However, being a member of the church, Hale believes strongly in witchcraft and so it takes him a while to work out what is actually going on. When he eventually discovers the truth, the town has gone into hysteria, and with no official standing, he is powerless to stop it. In Act Three, he is treated by the court as a superfluous character.No-one wishes to listen to his point of view, and he holds no authority. Danforth is prominent in the court proceedings. He is only introduced in person in Act Three for the trials. His character is a very officious one. He is seemingly uncon cerned by the fact that he is killing innocent people. He is just interested in following official court proceedings. He hates his trials being interrupted and so, he seeks to dismiss any inconvenient information likely to chop off his foregone conclusions and therefore, ends up executing unfair trials. Hale notices this and is bitterly annoyed.The two of them have many arguments. In the arguments, they are always interrupting each other and shouting each other down. Each one of them always wants to get their point across first and though Hale has the more valid arguments, the fact that he has no power shows. Hale But this child claims the girls are not truthful, and if they are not Danforth That is on the nose what I am about to consider, sir. What more may you ask of me? Unless you doubt my probity? Hale defeated I surely do not. Sir. There are many examples of dramatic techniques that are used in this section.One can see how Danforth interrupts Hale. He also asks Hale rheto rical questions. He knows Hale cannot express his doubts about him in court without the likelihood that Danforth would try him for contempt. Hale knows that ultimately Danforth is in power. Additionally, Hale makes his final remark in a defeated way realising there is no point in his arguing any further. Elizabeth Proctor and Abigail Williams have a very indirect rivalry. They dont have any face-to-face arguments, but they talk about each other, or carry out actions to hurt the other.As already noted, Elizabeths husband antecedently had an affair with Abigail. Naturally she is bitter and possibly jealous of the girl. But that is not shown in the play. Abigails hatred for Elizabeth is a lot clearer. She accuses Elizabeth Proctor of being a witch, and of harming her. When she sees Mary Warren, Elizabeth Proctors maid, putting a needle in a poppet she is going to give Elizabeth, Abigail stabs herself in the stomach just to get Elizabeth into trouble. This reveals her determination to b e rid of Elizabeth. Giles Corey and Putnam have an enduring rivalry between.Their hatred for each other has been passed down through generations. Their disputes are always concerned with ownership of land. Giles over Proctors shoulder at Putnam Ill cut your throat, Putnam, Ill kill you yet This quote shows Coreys hatred for Putnam. The staging shows Corey was about to hit Putnam but Proctor restrains him. His exclamatory line says that Corey wants to kill Putnam. There is resentment between these characters because they cant settle who owns what land. The dispute carries on into court and Corey is eventually tried for contempt of court.At the time in which The Crucible was set if a man was condemned to death by law his family had no rights to his possessions. As Giles was a learned man, who had been to court many times, he knew that if he was pressed to death without pleading innocent or guilty, the trial would not have been complete. This would prevent his land from being taken fr om his family by Putnam. So, when he is having stones laid upon him to try and force him to plead innocent or guilty, he says nothing but more weight and then dies.So, although Giles Corey loses his life, he keeps his land in within his family and thus succeeds in his aim to prevent it falling into Putnams grasp. In conclusion, Arthur Millers play The Crucible has many dramatic devices used throughout its duration, but these become particularly prominent in Act Three. They are very effective in transferral the sense of hatred and tension between many of the characters. There are clear parallels to the society in which Arthur Miller found himself and through the vehicle f the play he expresses his disagreement with the court procedures, adopt by McCarthyism, which were in many ways similar to the Salem Witch Trials. There was a grand amount of paranoia within 1950s American Government, causing members to believe that innumerable communist people were trying to undermine their pol itical ideas and destroy the American way of life by introducing communism. This paranoia and obsession grew, leading Senator Joe McCarthy to pass laws to restrict the activities of communists. This led to trials which resembled in many aspects the witch hunts which proceeded in Salem.Indeed the McCarthy era trials came to be known as witch hunts. Highly visible investigations were conducted with much publicity, supposedly to uncover subversive political activity and disloyalty, however, they were really to harass and weaken the entire political opposition. The witch hunts in The Crucible were similar in that they were also corrupt and werent really used to search for witches, but to accuse innocent people within Salem for ulterior motives, e. g. long-standing rivalries and feuds. Although set in the past, Arthur Millers play is a poignant facial expression on the times in which he lived.