Forward the Foundation Chapter 23

5Dad, give tongue to Raych with some concern, you vista tired.I d ar say, state Hari Seldon, I get hold tired. exactly how be you?Raych was forty-four now and his hair was bugger offning to show a bout of gray, alone his mustache remained thick and dark and actu eachy(prenominal) Dahlite in appearance. Seldon windered if he touched it up with dye, tout ensemble it would nominate been the wrong thing to ask.Seldon said, Are you through with your lecturing for a while?For a while. non for long. And Im glad to be home and bring down the baby and Manella and Wanda-and you, Dad.Thank you. But I turn over word for you, Raych. No more lecturing. Im going to need you here.Raych frowned. What for? On two different occasions he had been displace to carry out delicate missions, but those were back during the days of the Joranumite menace. As far as he k pertly, things were quiet now, especially with the overthrow of the junta and the reestablishment of a pale Emperor.Its Wa nda, said Seldon.Wanda? Whats wrong with Wanda?Nothings wrong with her, but were going to oblige to work out a complete genome for her-and for you and Manella as well-and eventually for the new baby.For Bellis, in any case? Whats going on?Seldon hesitated. Raych, you know that your m a nonher(prenominal) and I always musical theme there was something lovable most you, something that inspired affection and trust.I know you thought so. You said so often enough when you were move to get me to do something difficult. But Ill be honest with you. I n ever felt it.No, you won over me and and Dors. (He had such perplexity saying the name, even though four years had passed since her destruction.) You won over Rashelle of Wye. You won over Jo-Jo Joranum. You won over Manella. How do you account for all that?In insureigence and charm, said Raych, grinning.Have you thought you might have been in touch with their-our-minds?No, Ive never thought that. And now that you mention it, I call u p its ridiculous. With all due respect, Dad, of course.What if I told you that Wanda deliberatems to have read Yugos mind during a moment of crisis?Coincidence or imagination, I should say.Raych, I knew someone once who could cut through peoples minds as easily as you and I handle conversation.Who was that?I trampt speak of him. Take my word for it, though.Well- said Raych dubiously.Ive been at the Gal beic Library, checking on such matters. in that location is a curious story, to the highest degree twenty thousand years old and therefore back to the brumous origins of hyperspatial travel. Its about a young woman, not much more than Wandas age, who could communicate with an entire planet that circled a sun called Nemesis.Surely a fairytale.Surely. And incomplete, at that. But the similarity with Wanda is astonishing.Raych said, Dad, what atomic number 18 you planning?Im not sure, Raych. I need to know the genome and I have to queue up others the like Wanda. I have a conce pt that youngsters argon born-not often but occasionally-with such mental abilities, but that, in brokerral, it merely gets them in trouble and they learn to mask it. And as they grow tip, their ability, their talent, is buried deep within their minds- phase of an unconscious act of self-preservation. Surely in the Empire or even just among Trantors forty account statemention, there must be more of that sort, like Wanda, and if I know the genome I hope, I bottom test those I cipher may be so.And what would you do with them if you found them, Dad?I have the notion that they are what I need for the further development of psychohistory.Raych said, And Wanda is the first of the type you know about and you intend to make a psychohistorian out of her?Perhaps.Like Yugo. Dad, noWhy no?Because I want her to grow up like a normal young lady and become a normal woman. I go away not have you sit her before the Prime Radiant and make her into a living monument to psychohistorical mathema tics.Seldon said, It may not come to that, Raych, but we must have her genome. You know that for thousands of years there have been suggestions that every serviceman being have his genome on file. Its only the expense thats kept it from becoming touchstone practice no one doubts the usefulness of it. Surely you see the advantages. If nothing else, we will know Wandas tendencies toward a variety of physiological dis blesss. If we had ever had Yugos genome, I am certain he would not now be dying. Surely we flowerpot go that far.Well, maybe, Dad, but no further. Im impulsive to bet that Manella is going to be a lot firmer on this than I am.Seldon said, Very well. But remember, no more lecture tours. I need you at home.Well see, Raych said and left.Seldon sat there in a quandary. Eto Demerzel, the one person he knew who could handle minds, would have know what to do. Dors, with her nonhuman knowledge, might have known what to do.For himself, he had a dim vision of a new psychohisto ry-but nothing more than that.6It was not an easy task to obtain a complete genome of Wanda. To begin with, the number of biophysicists equipped to handle the genome was small and those that existed were always busy.Nor was it possible for Seldon to discuss his needs openly, in order to interest the biophysicists. It was absolutely essential, Seldon felt, that the true reason for his interest in Wandas mental powers be kept mystifying from all the Galaxy.And if another difficulty was needed, it was the fact that the process was infernally expensive.Seldon shook his head and said to Mian Endelecki, the biophysicist he was now consulting, Why so expensive, Dr. Endelecki? I am not an expert in the field, but it is my diaphanous understanding that the process is completely computerized and that, once you have a scraping of skin cells, the genome can be completely built and analyzed in a matter of days.Thats true. But having a deoxyribonucleic acid tittle stretching out for billions o f nucleotides, with every purine and pyrimidine in its place, is the least of it the very least of it, prof Seldon. There is thusly the matter of studying each one and comparing it to some standard.Now, consider, in the first place, that although we have records of complete genomes, they represent a vanishingly small fraction of the number of genomes that exist, so that we dont really know how standard they are.Seldon asked, Why so few?A number of reasons. The expense, for one thing. Few people are willing to spend the credits on it unless they have strong reason to imply there is something wrong with their genome. And if they have no strong reason, they are reluctant to undergo analytic thinking for fear they will find something wrong. Now, then, are you sure you want your granddaughter genomed?Yes, I do. It is terribly important.Why? Does she show signs of a metabolic anomaly?No, she doesnt. rather the reverse-if I knew the antonym of anomaly. I consider her a most unusual per son and I want to know just what it is that makes her unusual.Unusual in what way?Mentally, but its impossible for me to go into details, since I dont entirely understand it. Maybe I will, once she is genomed.How old is she?Twelve. Shell soon be thirteen.In that case, Ill need leave from her parents.Seldon recogniseed his throat. That may be difficult to get. Im her grandfather. Wouldnt my permission be enough?For me, certainly. But, you know, were talking about the law. I dont wish to lose my license to practice.It was necessary for Seldon to approach Raych again. This, too, was difficult, as he protested once more that he and his wife, Manella, wanted Wanda to live a normal life of a normal girl. What if her genome did turn out to be abnormal? Would she be whisked away to be prodded and probed like a laboratory specimen? Would Hari, in his rabid devotion to his Psychohistory Project, press Wanda into a life of all work and no play, shutting her off from other young people her a ge? But Seldon was insistent.Trust me, Raych. I would never do anything to harm Wanda. But this must be done. I need to know Wandas genome. If it is as I suspect it is, we may be on the verge of altering the course of psychohistory, of the future of the Galaxy itselfAnd so Raych was persuaded and somehow he obtained Manellas consent, as well. And together, the three adults took Wanda to Dr. Endeleckis office.Mian Endelecki greeted them at the door. Her hair was a shining white, but her face showed no sign of age.She looked at the girl, who walked in with a look of curiosity on her face but with no signs of apprehension or fear. She then sour her gaze to the three adults who had accompanied Wanda.Dr. Endelecki said with a smile, Mother, father, and grandfather-am I right?Seldon answered, perfectly right.Raych looked hang-dog and Manella, her face a detailed swollen and her eyes a little red, looked tired.Wanda, began the doctor. That is your name, isnt it?Yes, maam, said Wanda in her clear voice.Im going to tell you exactly what Im going to do with you. Youre right-handed, I suppose.Yes, maam.Very well, then, Ill spray a little patch on your left forearm with an anesthetic. It will just feel like a chill out wind. Nothing else. Ill then scrape a little skin from you just a tiny bit. Therell be no pain, no blood, no mark afterward. When Im done, Ill spray a little disinfectant on it. The self-coloured thing will take just a few transactions. Does that sound all right to you?Sure, said Wanda, as she held out her arm.When it was over, Dr. Endelecki said, Ill put the scraping under the microscope, choose a decent cell, and put my computerized gene analyzer to work. It will mark off every last nucleotide, but there are billions of them. It will probably take the better part of a day. Its all automatic, of course, so I wont be sitting here watching it and theres no point in your doing so, either.Once the genome is prepared, it will take an even thirster quant ify to analyze it. If you want a complete job, it may take a couple of weeks. That is why its so expensive a procedure. The work is hard and long. Ill call you in when I have it. She turned away, as if she had dismissed the family, and busied herself with the gleaming apparatus on the table in front of her.Seldon said, If you come across anything unusual, will you get in touch with me instantly? I mean, dont wait for a complete analysis if you find something in the first hour. Dont make me wait.The chances of finding anything in the first hour are very slim, but I promise you, Professor Seldon that I will be in touch with you at once if it seems necessary.Manella snatched Wandas arm and led her off triumphantly. Raych followed, feet dragging. Seldon lingered and said, This is more important than you know, Dr. Endelecki.Dr. Endelecki nodded as she said, Whatever the reason, Professor, Ill do my best.Seldon left, his lips touch tightly together. Why he had thought that somehow the g enome would be worked out in five minutes and that a glance at it in another five minutes would give him an answer, he did not know. Now he would have to wait for weeks, without knowing what would be found.He ground his teeth. Would his newest brainchild, the Second Foundation, ever be established or was it an illusion that would remain always just out of reach?7Hari Seldon walked into Dr. Endeleckis office, a nervous smile on his face.He said, You said a couple of weeks, Doctor. Its been over a month mow.Dr. Endelecki nodded. Im sorry, Professor Seldon but you wanted everything exact and that is what I have tried to do.Well? The look of anxiety on Seldons face did not disappear. What did you find?A hundred or so sorry genes.What Defective genes. Are you serious, Doctor?Quite serious. Why not? There are no genomes without at least a hundred defective genes usually there are considerably more. Its not as bad as it sounds, you know.No, I dont know. Youre the expert, Doctor, not I.Dr. Endelecki sighed and stirred in her chair. You dont know anything about genetics, do you, Professor?No, I dont. A man cant know everything.Youre perfectly right. I know nothing about this-what do you call it?-this psychohistory of yours.Dr. Endelecki shrugged, then continued. If you wanted to explain anything about it, you would be forced to start from the beginning and I would probably not understand it even so. Now, as to genetics-Well?An imperfect gene usually pith nothing. There are imperfect genes-so imperfect and so crucial that they produce terrible disorders. These are very rare, though. Most imperfect genes simply dont work with absolute accuracy. Theyre like wheels that are slightly out of balance. A vehicle will move along, trembling a bit, but it will move along.Is that what Wanda has?Yes. More or less. After all, if all genes were perfect, we would all look precisely the same, we would all behave precisely the same. Its the difference in genes that makes for different people.But wont it get worse as we grow older?Yes. We all get worse as we grow older. I noticed you limping when you came in. Why is that?A touch of sciatica, muttered Seldon.Did you have it all your life?Of course not.Well, some of your genes have gotten worse with time and now you limp.And what will happen to Wanda with time?I dont know. I cant predict the future, Professor I believe that is your province. However, if I were to hazard a guess, I would say that nothing unusual will happen to Wanda-at least, genetically-except the gathering of old age.Seldon said, Are you sure?You have to take my word for it. You wanted to find out about Wandas genome and you ran the risk of discovering things perhaps it is better not to know. But I tell you that, in my opinion, I can see nothing terrible casualty to her.The imperfect genes-should we fix them? Can we fix them?No. In the first place, it would be very expensive. Secondly, the chances are that they would not stay fixed. And finally, people are against it.But why?Because theyre against science in general. You should know this as well as anyone, Professor. Im afraid the fleck is such, especially since Cleons death, that mysticism has been gaining ground. People dont believe in mending genes scientifically. They would rather cure things by the laying on of hands or by mumbo-jumbo of some sort or other. Frankly it is extremely difficult for me to continue with my job. Very little funding is coming in.Seldon nodded. actually I understand this situation all too well. Psychohistory explains it, but I honestly didnt think the situation was growing so bad so rapidly. Ive been too involved in my own work to see the difficulties all around me. He sighed. Ive been watching the Galactic Empire slowly fall apart for over thirty years now-and now that its beginning to collapse much more rapidly, I dont see how we can stop it in time.Are you trying to? Dr. Endelecki seemed amused.Yes, I am.Lots of luck. About your sciatica . You know, fifty years agone it could have been cured. Not now, though.Why not?Well, the devices used for it are gone the people who could have handled them are working on other things. Medicine is declining.Along with everything else, mused Seldon. But lets get back to Wanda. I feel she is a most unusual young woman with a brain that is different from most. What do her genes tell you about her brain?Dr. Endelecki leaned back in her chair. Professor Seldon do you know just how many genes are involved in brain puzzle out?No.Ill remind you that, of all the aspects of the human body, the brain function is the most intricate. In fact, as far as we know, there is nothing in the Universe as intricate as the human brain. So you wont be surprised when I tell you that there are thousands of genes that each play a role in brain function.Thousands?Exactly. And it is impossible to go through those genes and see anything specifically unusual. I will take your word for it, as far as Wanda is co ncerned. She is an unusual girl with an unusual brain, but I see nothing in her genes that can tell me anything about that brain-except, of course, that it is normal.Could you find other people whose genes for mental functioning are like Wandas, that have the same brain principle?I doubt it very much. Even if another brain were much like hers, there would facilitate be enormous differences in the genes. No use looking for similarities. Tell me, Professor, just what is it about Wanda that makes you think her brain is so unusual?Seldon shook his head. Im sorry. Its not something I can discuss.In that case, I am certain that I can find out nothing for you. How did you discover that there was something unusual about her brain-this thing you cant discuss?Accident, muttered Seldon. Sheer accident.In that case, youre going to have to find other brains like hers-also by accident. Nothing else can be done.Silence settled over both of them. Finally Seldon said, Is there anything else you ca n tell me?Im afraid not. Except that Ill send you my bill.Seldon rose with an effort. His sciatica hurt him badly. Well then, thank you, Doctor. Send the bill and Ill pay it.Hari Seldon left the doctors office, wondering just what he would do next.

A review of the goals of conventions and principles related to the rights of children Essay

Numerous conventions and principles on the powerfuls of the child, including the joined races Convention of 1989 on the Rights of the Child, the United Nations Guidelines and Principles on Children Associated with Armed Groups or Armed Forces adopted in February 2007 (UNICEF), and resolution 64/290 of 2010 on the right of children to education in emergency situations, book been passed to protect children and safeguard their interests (General Assembly of the United Nations, 2010). Similarly, the general comment number 14 of 2013 of the United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child states that the best interest of a child should always be given the primary quill consideration (UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, 2013, p. 4).Despite the accompaniment that plight of refugee children has caught the attention of the international community, many refugee children still lack access to basic education. The projections by the United Nations indicate that approximately one bill ion children live in argonas affected by contravenes, with nearly 250 one million million million being below 5 years of age and being deprived of their basic right to education, with more or less 65 million children between the ages of 3 and 15 being severely affected by lengthy crises and emergencies, which puts at risk their access to education, and with nearly 37 million children being forced out of primary or lower secondary schooldayss due to crises in their countries. Furthermore, statistics show that about 50% of the globes out-of-school children are in areas prone to conflict.Child refugees number about 10 million orbicularly, and an estimated 19 million children across the ground have been displaced in their home countries as a result of conflict (Nikolau, 2016). Access to education is an essential human right and the right of each child and a prerequisite for him or her to enjoy all other economic, social, political, and cultural rights. Evidently, education lays the foundation for responsible citizenship, contributes to social, political, economic, and gender equality, empowers the lady friend child and women professionally, socially, and culturally, and helps to reduce violence against girls and women. Furthermore, education plays a signifi firet role in achieving integration in the society and improving the living standards among children with disabilities and those with special education needs, who see their already dwindling prospects reduce so far further in conflict-affected regions (Dryden-Peterson, 2011, p. 42).Although progress has been made in the developing countries concerning primary education, which is a fundamental right that all governments have pledged to provide under the 1989 United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, this opportunity clay unachievable for millions of refugee children. More than 50% of the 65.3 million people who have been forcefully displaced, among whom 21.3 million are refugees, are below 18 years of age (UNHCR, 2016).The continuing persecution and conflict force an average of 34,000 people per sidereal day to leave their homeland and seek refuge elsewhere, either within their home countries or in unconnected states (UNHCR, 2016). Due to the large number of refugees entering their boarders, the developing economies continue to host about 86% of the worlds refugee and displaced population regardless of the lack of sufficient financial resources and infrastructure required, including access to food, water, shelter, and clothing (UNHCR, 2016).In contexts where children are forced to flee from conflict, education is often regarded as a luxury and not considered as a priority to children displaced by conflict. Therefore, delegates from across the globe are being called to Geneva, Switzerland, to determine what should be through to ensure that refugee children have access to basic education. Leaders from both the developed and developing world have already agreed that mo re should be done to safeguard the interests of refugee children. In this regard, a number of questions impart need to be answered during the conference including the role of industrialized economies in supporting the needs of refugee children and how the UNHCR, UN, and its humanitarian agencies can progressively incorporate education and protection of refugee children in their emergency response cycles. Delegates may also study to increase their proportion of humanitarian reenforcement dedicated to education in conflict regions however, this should not be done at the expense of the refugees other primary needs.Questions to Be Considered Which countries or agencies should be responsible for providing educational expertise in refugee education?How can developed countries assist host nations to ensure adequate funding and staffing for schools and hence access to quality education by all refugee children?Should developed countries and developing nations host a proportionate share of refugee population to avoid overburdening developing nations?4. Should the same basic education curriculum in host countries be used for educating refugee children?Given that the host countries often fail to monitor the quality and arctic of the education of the refugee children, which agency or organization should be charged with this responsibility?ReferencesDryden-Peterson, S. (2011). Refugee education A global review. UNHCR. Retrieved from http//www.unhcr.org/4fe317589.pdfGeneral Assembly of the United Nations. (2010). Resolutions. Un.org. Retrieved from http//www.un.org/en/ga/64/resolutions.shtml.Nikolau, L.(2016). Getting 5 million refugee children into school must be highest priority, advocates say. Humanosphere. Retrieved from http//www.humanosphere.org/basics/2016/09/getting-5-million-refugee-children-into-school-must-be-highest-priority-advocates-say/UN Committee on the Rights of the Child. (2013, July 4). Convention on the Rights of the Child. CRC /C/ISR/CO/2-4. Retriev ed from http//www2.ohchr.org/side/bodies/crc/docs/co/CRC-C-ISR-CO-2-4.pdf.UNHCR. (2016). Figures at a glance. UNHCR. Retrieved from http//www.unhcr.org/figures-at-a-glance.htmlUNICEF. (2007, February). The Paris Principles Principles and guidelines on children associated with armed forces or armed groups. Retrieved from www.un.org/children/conflict/_documents/parisprinciples/ParisPrinciples_EN.pdf .

Project Management - Project Report Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Project Management - Project survey - Coursework ExampleThis entailed gathering of the necessary information needed to begin the nominate as well as the features that it would have to meet the needs of the stakeholders. For this reason, the aggroup established a proper communication system that assist in collecting relevant information. The scope of the project geared towards addressing the structural, technological and environmental challenges.In footing of schedule management, the work on the project was under strict timeframe with every activity having a deadline. This checkd list of the activities, milestones and deliverables of the project with the intended commencement and completion dates. Cost management ensured that the completion of the project happened within the budget. Thus, the project underwent regular budgetary reviews that enabled better planning and allocation of funds (Airport-technology.com, 2015).Risk management was necessary to ensure that there were inter vention plans in case of any need. The project considered the asbestos and electric risks. During the entire project, there were most energy saving measures that came into consideration. The management provided that a competitive and open tender process occurred so that the prototype people received contracts (Project Management Institute, n.d). The planning and project execution team carried step up their responsibilities with a high level of professionalism and effectiveness.Some budgetary changes happened to ensure that everything went as planned. The entire project team was able to handle all the challenges correctly, and all issues of contentment received consideration. The delivery of the project happened within the plan timeframe and to the standards that applied for the entire project. This ensured that the project was a

Authentic Assessment vs. Standardized Testing Research Paper

Authentic Assessment vs. Standardized Testing - Research Paper Example such simulations can aid the savants to process new information by connecting it to prior knowledge of the subject. When instruction is altered to conform to the theory of multiple intelligences, it naturally follows that judgement should be similarly adapted. However, in most schools, the assessment practices to gauge student progress rely mainly on standardized interrogatory methods that be a good deal inauthentic, and which only reveal whether the student can recognize and recall what has been told to him/her by way of the lesson. Thus, high heaps on standardized tests are a measure of how well a student can event the test and non his/her actual working knowledge. Besides, the standardized tests which comprise of multiple choice, fill in the blank, and legitimate/false questions do not actually promote learning as they only evaluate what the student knows at that particular point in time. The standardi zed tests cannot identify students in need of intervention or help formulate appropriate instructional strategies. This form of assessment of student consummation, in fact, controls learning. The test gain ground lead the students to believe that right answers are more important than analysis and approach. About standardized testing methods, Meier (2002) states clearly that, .standardized tests are utterly counterproductive for the educational purpose of seeing what kids have learned in school so as to improve education for all (p.105). Also, according to Meir, standardized tests do not represent the sole evidence of a students intellectual growth. Standardized tests follow pre-set criteria that qualify how, where and by whom the test is to be administered and scored, who else besides the teacher and the student can be present, the way questions are asked, and what responses are acceptable. That is, such a testing controls all the elements involved in the assessment process unpa ck the childs responses. Standardized test results are reported using standard scores. Gardner (1993) is of the opinion that the most widely utilize standardized tests of intelligence (e.g., The Wechsler scales and the Stanford-Binet) measure only linguistic and synthetical/mathematical intelligences whereas the purpose of assessment should be to obtain information about the skills and potentials of individuals. A multidimensional assessment of students base on a broader impression of intelligence, ability, and learning would be more in line with the theory of multiple intelligences. Authentic assessment, also called performance assessment, portfolio assessment, curriculum-embedded instruction, or integrated education is, according to Miesels et al. (2003), ......an instructional-driven measurement in which students actual classroom performance is evaluated in terms of standards-infused criteria. In this method of assessment, a student is evaluated on a broader concept of intell igence, ability, and learning based on all intelligences identified by MI including visual, musical, kinesthetic, intrapersonal, interpersonal, and naturalistic abilities in addition to verbal and logical potential. Such an assessment will be formative, providing immediate feedback for learning and teaching,

Apple Inc. Management and Product Development Timeline Research Paper

orchard apple tree Inc. Management and Product Development Timeline - Research Paper ExampleThe look for paper Apple Inc. Management and Product Development Timeline investigates the compliance to various regulations governing the computer industry, discombobulate management within the enterprise, the productivity of the connection and its market position and share in the computer applied science market in a timeline of a series of take downts.Apple Inc. formerly known as Apple Computers Inc is a public traded company in the industry of computer software and appliances. Formed in 1976 and incorporated in 1977, the company that was founded by the trio of Jobs, Wozniak, and Wayne and has its headquarters in California, U.S.A. It stands out as the company that managed to rise up from strength to strength amid all(a) the challenges in the computer technology market.Presently a multinational company with the market and operational presence in various countries of the world, Apple i s, in fact, the market leader in the provision of computers and related accessories as well as computer software. Currently, Apple has an employee base of 60,400 and 357 retail stores all over the world. This has provided them with a market influence greater than its competitors like The Microsoft Company which it has since surpassed despite having been in the market way before Apple. As a result, Apple has a large equity base of $76.615 zillion with a turnover of $108.249 billion as reported in 2011. The result has been that the company is highly juicy with the profits standing at US$ 25.922 billion as at 2011. The sub judice environment in which Apple operates is dominated by requirements to protect the environment, labour laws as well as state requirements such as tax compliances, employee working conditions and benefits. Apple Inc. has been on the fore front in complying with such legal requirements. It has undertaken social responsibility to protect its employees and the so ciety at large from the dangerous emissions that result from its operations. Although Apple emits third estate house gases and therefore a contributor to environmental degradation, it has taken measures to recycle its products so as to scavenge the environment of such heavy carbon burden. More recycle centers have been set up in most countries of operation, approximately 95% of all those countries in places of high computer usage. The company achieved and surpassed the target of recycling 50% of their total hardware input by 1997. Economically, Apple has successfully waded off competition as it captures a wider market proportion. Competition has majorly been witnessed from other computer appliances and software design firms like MYSQL, Microsoft and Oracle. The company has go on to design more efficient software and improved on its hardware over the years even though this has at times made their products fairly expensive due to high costs of production, inquiry and development w hich have in some circumstances delinked them from consumers. The most important aspect however, is that they have learnt from forward experiences and are presently at an equilibrium in production costs and consumer attitudes in the design and market of their products. With the growing world population and an influx of computer users, the economic future of Apple is without doubt genuinely bright. Over the years, the management and top decision making of Apple Inc. had always been on the CEO who was all one of the founders until Wayne sold off his shares. Steve Jobs as a result became the companys longest fate CEO before his death in October 2011. The top management has in the past been responsible for the products in the market, research and sales which have together given the company its current market status of

Frequent Manual Repositioning and Incidence of Pressure Ulcers Essay

give away Manual Repositioning and Incidence of Pressure Ulcers - Essay ExampleLonger hospital stays and costs, as well as the substantial pain and suffering on the part of the patient, can be trim if the focus will be given to preventing insisting ulcers. Frantz, Tang & Titler (2004) declared in their article that the place for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) conducted a literature review in the summer of 1990 and found come out that the incidence of squash ulcers range from 2.7%to 29.5%, 9% of it occur in general population while 66% occur in high risk populations.Based on the results of the statistics, the population at relative high risks for oblige ulcers are more likely to have more incidences of the case.Thus, bedbound patients are at high risks for developing blackjack ulcers. Learning the susceptibility of a population to develop gouge ulcers, a number of preventive measures including world-wide and clinical guidelines for pressure ulcer prevention have been recommended among of which include frequent dislodge of patients with limited mobility. Although reposition is an accepted and a standard guideline for pressure ulcer prevention, there are limited reason and studies that would support the soundness of repositioning in reducing the incidences of pressure ulcers (Rich et al., 2011, 11). In addition, studies suggest that repositioning should forecast on the level of tissue injury or stages of pressure ulcers. Therefore, before accepting repositioning as a standard physical exertion at a national level, guidelines about the appropriate assessment turncock to use and the correct number and duration of turns in repositioning must be well-established to render effective and cost-reducing prevention as the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services no longer reimburses hospitals for treatment of hospital-acquired stage 3 and 4 pressure ulcers due to the reason that pressure ulcer can be prevented by using the current evidence-based p ractice guidelines (Cox, 2011, 365). Early studies about preventing pressure ulcers through repositioning correlate to the number of movements of elderly at night. Hampton (2009) stated that an elderly make 20-40 full turns with small position changes every 510 minutes at night (p. 65). This should be a number of movements an elderly should do in order to prevent pressure ulcers however, the number of turns is not applicable to bedbound patients as it only applies to healthy adults. Then on, subsequent studies focus on the duration of pressure as the most important indicator of pressure ulcer susceptibility until repositioning every two hours develop and become a ritual practice. Repositioning the patient regularly is proved to reduce the incidences of pressure ulcer, however, turning every two hours can increase the risk of shearing and clangour leading to damaged tissues (Hampton, 2009, 65). Thus, turning every two hours could not be effective in preventing pressure ulcer because increased friction is also a contributing factor for pressure ulcer development.

How will automation affect operations management practices over the Research Paper

How allow for mechanisation affect operating theatres counselling practices over the next decade - Research Paper Examplemechanisation is classified into three categories depending on the purpose firstly, mechanisation that performs duties beyond human capability or human operators sacknot accomplish task inside desired duration. The second is automation of duties that human operators perform poorly, and finally, automation of risky or undesirable activities (Singh, Tiwari & Singh, 2009, p.9). Essentially, automation has reduced the number of human resource in operation similarly, it has reduced human interaction. Further, the cost of automation is very high-pitched and requires specialized workers to handle and maintain these systems. Besides, the benefits of automation, there are process that cannot be soft automated. Automation pass on fuel development of more customized products and shorten production duration. Furthermore, through automation, higher prime(prenominal) goo ds will be produced as a allow of improved product and process project. Some processes will became fully automated, and so requiring minimal human supervisory control. Similarly, automation will have profound cause on management of human resource and other operations. Essentially, automation will affect the organizational anatomical structure by shrinking management levels. This paper will explore how automation will affect calculative of products and services and operational processes used to create goods and services over the next decade. Similarly, the paper also outlines the practicable effects of automation on other operations management practices such as controlling, planning, and management. How Automation will affect design of products, Services, and operation processes Design in operation management encompasses design of products, services and the operation process. Design automation that is actively evolving... The growth rate of automation is increasing at a high r ate cod to international competition and availability of skilled labor and capital. Besides, automation is significant because it can lead to higher quality products and higher productivity. Automation is geared to solving a specific problem, thus the problem determines the level of automation. Furthermore, automation helps to performs duties beyond human capability or human operators cannot accomplish inside desired duration, or even those duties that human operators perform poorly or/and risky and undesirable activities.Automation will affect product design and process design in future. Design automation, which is actively evolving, will result in development of technology that will automate the design of products from concept design, through design layout and detail design. Primarily, design automation will cut the process duration and increase productivity. Generally, design automation impacts development process in that it speeds design process by 30 percent. Additionally, aut omation will result in greater levels of customization of products and facilitate faster product designing. Furthermore, customers will access products of higher quality due to improved product designs and processes. Similarly, the operation processes will evolve to be more specialized and subjected to more white-tie operating controls.In addition, automation will help managers to improve the planning process by aiding in decision- qualification. Through easy to use and accurate decision support tools, better planning mechanisms will be utilized, hence promote productivity of organizations. Such tools will eliminate human biases and hasten the decision making process.